DIRECTIONS FOR CULTURE; &c. 59 
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ac 
DIRECTIONS FOR CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT 
OF FRUIT TREES, &c. 
We will commence by stating that all affectation of mystery by Horticulturalists is 
mere chicanery. ‘The operations of nature are uniform in the vegetable kingdom as in 
all her other works, and it unly requires the exercise of a moderate portion of common 
sense to comprehend her course. 
Transplanting.—Spring is the season when we enjoy the most pleasure in rural pur- 
suits, and it therefore has been adopted as the most general for transplantation. The fall 
however is much to be preferred, as it allows the ground to become settled during winter 
and the roots start afresh at the first opening of spring. In regard however to those 
Fruits obtained from warmer latitudes, it is necessary for us to consult climate, and we 
have therefore come to the following conclusion. In localities south of New-York, the 
fallis preferable for ad/ trees—north of New-York, the fall is preferable only for the Apple, 
Pear, Plum, Cherry, and other trees of northern latitudes, and the spring is to be pre- 
ferred for the Peach, Apricot, Nectarine, and Almond. 
In planting, make the holes large, say 24 feet square and the same depth; place the 
surface mould aside by itself, and cast away the poisonous bottom mould as useless; mix 
with the surface mould a portion of other rich mould and about four shovels full of well 
rotted manure to each tree; then spread a few inches of this compost at the bottom—place 
the tree—fill in till the roots are covered and tread it well; then fill up the rest without 
treading, as it must be left loose to receive the rains; after thus planted, water each tree 
well and occasionally afterwards if the weather proves dry. 
In regard to distance Apples should be planted in orchards at a distance of 30 feet, 
Pears and Cherries, 20 to 25 feet, Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Almonds and Plums, 
10 feet. 
Culture. Asa general rule orchards should be kept in a cultivated state and receive 
occasional manurings, and their produce will alw ays be in proportion to such attention. 
That manure which is decomposed and has Jost its heat is to be preferred, and this 
shonld be most plentifully distributed in the immediate vicinity of each tree. 
The pruning of trees in open culture is necessary to a certain extent, but far less so 
than often practiced. Nature, as a general rule, produces no greater development than 
she is capable of sustaining. All that is really called for, therefore, is the occasional thin-}: 
ning out of those Beinches: which are so close as to prevent the sun from fully penetrating, 
or that might by friction injure each other. 
SOIL, &c. 
For the Apple rich strong loamy lands are the most appropriate, and as the roots are 
more horizontal than perpendicular, it does not require so deep a soil as the Pear. In 
fact the Apple will succeed in any soil except a quicksand or a cold clay if the ground is 
kept under cultivation and manured.—Those soils that possess a very considerable degree 
of humidity, but are not absolutely wet, suit the Apple very well, whereas they would be 
destructive to the Pear. 
The Pear flourishes most on a deep rich soil that is comparatively light and porous, 
so as to allow a free filtration, and through which its perpendicular roots can easily pene- 
