182 On the Principles of 



maddima yamaya ; and the last watch is called puschimct 

 yamaya, or pdndara yamaya. The midnight is called 

 maddima rdttriya. The time during which the rays of the 

 Sun's light fall upon the ground before his rising above the 

 horizon, is termed aluyama, and that of his rising is desig- 

 nated pdndara; the morning in general is called udaya. 



The natural day is divided into 60 equal portions, each 

 being called pceya, equal to 24 English minutes. Each 

 pseya is divided into 60 winddies, and each winadi into 60 

 tatparas. 



A portion of time consisting of 2\ prcyas is termed Hard, 

 answering exactly to the Greek and Roman word hora, an 

 hour. Astrologers suppose that the same seven gods, to 

 whom the supervision of the days of the week are appropriated, 

 preside over each successive seven horas, beginning from that 

 one to whom the day belongs, but in the following order, 

 namely, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter and 

 Mars. Thus, on Sunday the first hora is of the Sun, the 

 second is of Venus, and the third is of Mercury, and so forth ; 

 on Monday the first hora belongs to the Moon, the second to 

 Saturn, and the third to Jupiter, and so on. 



The firmament studded with constellations and stars, 

 apparently in an incessant motion from East to West, is 

 divided into twelve portions, each called rdsiya, (S a sign." 

 The names of these twelve Kasies, together with the time 

 during which they emerge out of the horizon, are as follows. 



Names p. w. 



Mesa 4 19 



Warsabha 4 43 



Mithuna 5 17 



Kataka 5 29 



Singha 5 15 



Kanya 4 57 



H. ' 



Aries.... 1 43 36 



Taurus 1 53 12 



Gemini 2 6 48 



Cancer 2 11 36 



Leo 2 6 



Virgo 1 58 48 



