250 



Terms of address in use 



one shoulder bare? p. 517. "Having thus imposed on him- 

 self that office, the venerable Upali rising, adjusting his robe 

 so as to leave one shoulder bare, and taking up the ivory- 

 wrought fan, and bowing down to the senior priests, took his 

 seat on the (pulpit) Dhammasanan," p. 519. "The venera- 

 ble Anando then rising from his seat, and adjusting his 

 robes, so as to leave one shoulder bare, and bowing down to 

 the senior Bhikkhu, took his place in the Dhammasanan, 

 holding up the ivory- wrought fan." p. 521. 



This is an ascetic rite, probably borrowed from the Insti- 

 tutes of Manu, where it is laid down, cap. II., § 193. " Let 

 him always keep his right arm uncovered, — be always de- 

 cently apparalled, and properly composed," &c. Again in 

 cap. IV., § 58, " In a temple of consecrated lire, in the 

 pasture of kine, in the presence of Brahamans, in reciting 

 the Veda, and in eating his food, let him hold out his right arm 

 uncovered" 



Reference is made by Mr. Justice Stark to Upali, one of 

 the priests named in the above extract, and a doubt is ex- 

 pressed as to whether he was identical with Upali Mahu Situ y 

 the nobleman whose conversation with Budha is noticed in a 

 passage from the Amawatura, extracted into my Sidath San- 

 garawa, p. clvii. They were however different persons. 

 The priest Upali was a barber; but the nobleman of the 

 same name was the follower of a Tirthaka, an heretic. A 

 brief history of the former is given by the Rev. S. Hardy 

 in his work on Budhism, p.p, 231-2 ; and the same writer 

 gives the history of Upali, the l<fc or "householder." ib. 

 p. 266. 



Having noticed the want of identity between the two 

 Upalis, I shall proceed to consider what Mr. Stark calls " the 

 distinguishing terms characteristic of the priest and layman." 

 (p. 76.) In one sense, the words gihi and bikhu have the same 

 distinction which laicus and clerus have ; but, generally, they 



