No. 12.— 1860-1.] PALI AND PRAKRIT-MAGADHI. 431 



Pali form is payyushana, and not pajjausana, as in the 

 common Prakrit. This peculiarity in the Pali, however, does 

 not indicate a change from j to y, but from r to y ; the reason 

 of which will be found noticed elsewhere. 



3. The next rule, chavargasyas PrISHTATA tathoch 

 ARANAH, seems to refer to a nicety in the pronunciation of 

 the palatal letters, which we do not perceive in the Pali ; and 

 therefore proceed to the 



4. HrIDAYASYA HADAKKAH. This is equally inappli- 

 cable to the Pali. Hridaya, 1 heart ' never becomes hadakka, 

 but liadaya in Pali ; so likewise hrasva, ' short,' is not 

 haddsva but rassa ; hri, ' shame,' is not hida but hiri. 



5. RYARJAYOR yyah. The substitution here spoken of 

 yy for ry and rj may be regarded as the exception (and that 

 of very rare occurrence) rather than the rule in the Pali. 

 Thus Tear yam, 'to be done,' is not kayye 1c *• t kariyan ; and 

 durjana, 'wicked,' is not duyyana but d'-jana in the Pali. 

 So again, very a, 'exertion,' becomes viriya\ bharya, bhariya, 

 'wife': aiswarya, issariya 'prosperity,' dhairya, dheriya 

 ' exertion and also garjana becomes gajjana, 'noise.' 



G. KSHASYA SKAH. This is again different in the Pali. 

 Thus rakshasah, 'demon,' does not become las/cose but ra k- 

 khasb ; nor dakshah, 1 clever,' dasko, but dakklw. So likewise 

 vriksha, 'tree,' becomes rakkha in the Pali ; kshamd, kamd, 

 'forgiveness'; dakshina, dakkliina, ' south kshura, khicra, 

 'razor' ksJietra, khetta 'field.' This peculiarity will be found 

 explained in another part of our observations.* 



7. Asm adas sau hake hage a hake. The Sanskrit 

 alian bantimiy ' I speak,' is the same in the Pali ; and does not 

 become, as stated here hake, hage, or aliake, banami. 



8. Ata idetatj lukcha. The Sanskrit etad (root) eshah 

 (nom :) is said to be changed in the Magadhi into esa, and 

 su being added to it=esa su ; and the latter affix being elided, 

 the a in esd is changed into /' or e. This is not a peculiarity 



* Vide infra. § 10. 



