80 ■ TEMPERATURE OF BULL'S BLOOD. 



which Columbus made his discoveries, were perfectly competent to tra- 

 verse the Indian and South Pacific oceans, and to have landed a civilized 

 pair on the coast of Peru, sufficiently near Lake Titicaca to give perma- 

 nent credit to their appearance from that direction, to instruct the gentle 

 and tractable aborigines of those mountains, who, by the mild, intelli- 

 gent, and persuasive character of the strangers, adapting their moderate 

 government to the peculiarities in the dispositions of the natives, gradu- 

 ally acquired that prominence in the peaceful arts of life which put to 

 shame the acts of later conquerors. 



In comparing the skulls of the Incas family with those of the aborigi- 

 nal Peruvians, engravings demonstrate the latter were deficient in intel- 

 lectual character, while the Incas exhibit very distinct differences of 

 conformation and of ability. 



The oriental practice of travelling, by water or land, accompanied by 

 wives, is notorious. It still appears* a trait of character distinguishing 

 eastern people, both in Asia and America. 



Captain 'Gallownin, of the Russian sloop-of-war Diana, sent by his 

 government in 1811 to make a survey of the Kurile group, and to at- 

 tempt friendly relations with the Japanese, was induced to land with a 

 weak party, and taken prisoners. The officers of the Diana, in retaliation, 

 intercepted a Japanese vessel of the largest size. Fortunately, the cap- 

 tain of this vessel was a great ship-owner and merchant — -a person of 

 much influence and ability. He and his lady, the inseparable compan- 

 ion of his voyages, are described to have borne their misfortunes with 

 wonderful composure, like old sailors. 



We- are taught by the winds and currents of the north Atlantic 

 ocean, that had Christopher Columbus sailed on his voyage of discovery 

 in a different month of the year, he never could have reached the New 

 World. He would have perished amidst calms, of which he knew 

 nothing. 



The temperature of the blood of a young bull in Cuzco was 100° 

 Farenheit; air 57°. At the base of the Andes 101°; air 18°. 



We were invited to join a party of gentlemen on horseback to meet 

 the prefect and his family from Arequipa. At the hacienda Angostura, 

 a large dinner table was spread on the piazza near a fresh stream of 

 water, shaded by willow' trees, the air fragrant with the perfumes of 

 flowers and orange blossoms. The farm yards were filled with cattle 

 and sheep, while the fields around were planted with maize, barley, 

 potatoes, or green with lucerne. In the garden, peach, apple, and pear 

 trees were seen. We dismounted in the court-yard. A mule came 

 into the gate with a square box on his back, covered like a market 



