52 



ON THE ORIGIN OF 



Auxliary — karana-kata, 4 by means of.* 

 Dative — pinisa or vets, 4 for.' 

 Locative — Kerehi, 6 in.' 

 Ablative — Keren, 4 from/ 



These signs are common to both numbers, except tema whiefe 

 is only used in the singular, its plural being tamu. Nouns in the 

 singular also take an ek in the Sinhalese, to express the indefinite 

 as harak-ehu-ta 4 to-a-bullock,'* 



T ema, in the Sinhalese, derived from the Sanskrit atman e self/ 

 not only expresses the Nominative case, but also conveys the 

 gender of the noun to which it is added. The Sidatsangara says: 

 " Observe also, that in this case the suffixes tema for the masculine 

 singular, tomo for the feminine singular, and tumu for both genders 

 in the plural number, may be used in peraphrases and commenta- 

 ries." 



The periphrastic instrumental visin, from the Pali vasena 4 by 

 authority/ in the sense of the agent or instrument, is also used in 

 the Sinhalese. Karana-kota=ihe Pali karani-kritya 4 having ac- 

 complished a means oj action* is the periphrastic sign of the 

 auxiliary, which we have doubtless brought over to Ceylon from 

 Northern India, since we find it unmistakeably in the Mur&thi 

 karuna, so different from all Dravidian case-signs. I may also 

 observe that the very name for the Auxiliary case (the Karana) 

 is derived from this case-sign. The dative pinisa=Va\l panissaya, 

 is not exactly, as the others are, a universal case-sign for the dative; 

 but is used to express 4 for,' or 4 for the purpose.' Kerehi is the 

 periphrastic locative sign, and comes from kara 4 to do;' from 

 whence it obtains the signification of proximity or 4 nearness,' and 

 thence, with the addition of the locative sign, the idea of locality. 

 The ablative keren is also from kara with the propel' sign en. 



* See Vibat-maldama in the Appendix to Sidatsangara, p, 91. 



