76 ON THE ORIGIN OF 



Other Indo-European dialects." See Bopp's Comp. Grammar , ii. p. 

 841, et seq. 



So again in the Pali, as in the Rule, bhu Kara sabba dhatvatth- 

 esveva santi, tato setiti sayanan karotityat ho* i. e. Bhu 'be/ and 

 kara 4 do,' enter into the sense of all verbs; then seti 'he sleeps' 

 has the sense of sayanan karoti ' he does the sleep.' 



The Relative Participial Adjective. 



Though the Sinhalese participles, both in the active and passive 

 voices, materially differ as regards their inflexions and their forma- 

 tion from the Dravidian, yet a peculiarity has been pointed out 

 with reference to their use, as shewing the affinity of those lan- 

 guages. It is this — that whenever practicable the Sinhalese as 

 well as the Dravidians use, as adjectives, the relative participles of 

 verbs in preference to nouns of quality, or adjectives properly so 

 called. Now, the Dravidian dialects have no relative pronouns what- 

 ever, and it is on that account they resort to this, if I may so call it, 

 make-shift, a ' relative participle' — a part of speech which is invari* 

 ably followed by a noun, and which [when not understood] is preceded 

 by the words or phrases which depend upon the relative. E g., 

 varum dl in Tamil ' the coming person,' for.' the person who comes.' 

 The Sinhalese and the North-Indian vernaculars, however, are not 

 destitute of the relative pronoun. They htive y a, yah, yad, ' who,' 

 4 which;' and the same is clearly and distinctly found in the litera- 

 ture of Ceylon. In the Pansiapanas Jdtaka, in which the Trans* 

 lators have not disdained to use pure unadulterated Dravidian words 

 and phrases, as already shewn, at ante p. 25, we find the relative 

 pronoun as frequently as in any Sanskrit or Pali work. Here is 

 an example. Yam gasak mula sevane saetapi yam ek hunnevi nam 

 e gasa attak vevai satpurusa taeuostte no-bidineya. 'If a person 

 recline under the shade of a tree, even a branch of that tree does 



* Balavafarn ; also examine Prof. Mori. William's Sanskrit Grammar, p. 347. 



