THE SINHALESE LANGUAGE. 



77 



not the righteous man break W The righteous man does not break 

 even a branch of the^tree* under whose shade he reclines.' 



This form of the'relative clause, though different from that ill 

 which it is expressed in the English, is nevertheless identical with 

 that used in the*Pali or the Sanskrit. It may be unsuited, or may^ 

 as remarked by a late writer, sound ' ludicrous ' to the English 

 ear; yet it must be remembered that it is peculiar to the idiom and 

 usage of Sanskritic dialects. E. g. yena Bhagava [yihari] tend 

 raja upasan-kami, in Pali is equivalent to, yam tcenaka Buduhu 

 visuda, etanata raja pteminiyeya in the Sinhalese. * Did Buddha 

 dwell any where, the king arrived there.' 



Though the existence of the relative pronoun in the Sinhalese is 

 undoubted, and there is not a trace of it in any of the Dravidian 

 dialects; yet the use of the relative participle is very frequent and 

 even common in the Sinhalese as in the North-Indian VernacularSi 

 Caldwell thinks that this is 4 through an under-current of Dravidian.; 

 or at least of pre-Sanskrit influences — p. 412. I am however inclined 

 to a different belief, not only on account of the simplifying process 

 to which all vernaculars resort, and the undoubted existence of the 

 relative pronoun in the Sinhalese; but because the so-called rela- 

 tive participle is known to Sanskritic dialects and even the Sans- 

 krit as much as to the Dravidian. E. g. bhasayantah bhanavah 

 * brightening rays;' avatarantan munin 'descending sage;' kri- 

 yamanan karma. ' being-to-be-made act,' — Sanskrit. The use of 

 this relative participial adjective is the same in the Pali, the Sinha- 

 lese, the Greek, the Latin, and English. E. g. Sakin vutlani 

 vachanani=varak ki vackana=hapax legomena remata,=semel 

 dicta vcrba=' once spoken words.' 



Adverbs. 



The Dravidian dialects have no adverbs at all} and as attempts 

 have been made by some writers to shew that in this respect also 

 the "Sinhalese may be identified with the Dravidian, I annex the 



