132 



BCDHISM. 



Nirwana is represented by the metaphor of a large fire 

 which has burnt itself out, and by a lamp the oil and wick 

 of which are completely consumed so that nothing remains. 

 Nirwana is the entire cessation of existence. It differs 

 from annihilation, as that supposes that an existent sOul 

 has been destroyed, whereas according to Budha there is 

 no soul in existence which can be annihilated. 



The morality of the Budhist system is pure, no vice being 

 tolerated. The five precepts binding on every Budhist are 

 1. Not to destroy animal life, — 2. To abstain from stealing. 

 3.-— To abstain from lying, — 4. To abstain from illicit inter- 

 course with women, and 5. — To abstain from drinking in- 

 toxicating liquors. (52) In addition to these precepts, tale 

 bearing, slander, harsh and injurious language, envy and 

 anger are prohibited, and the opposite virtues are recom- 

 mended. Almsgiving is specially recommended, and the 

 most excellent of all gifts is stated to be that of religious in- 

 struction. (53) Budha, however, only legislated for his priests; 

 with respect to others he was only a Teacher. (54) His com- 

 mands respecting the morals of the Priesthood are contain- 

 ed in the Parajika and Pachitti sections of the Winiya 

 Pitaka. A digest of these laws, called Pratimoksha is 

 directed to be read in each Chapter of the Order on the 



(52.) c30£3t^£30£dd panatipatd taking away life, 2 q^^D&oee^ 

 adinnadana theft (lit taking that which is not given) 3 §e&a€)3^ 

 musawada lying 4 f)€)^Detoc5) michchachara, illicit sexual intercourse 

 5 gd5<3*fe)<5cs©e£fc3S3^<d£>a-sj» sur&meraya majjapama datthana. 

 The use of intoxicating liquor. 



(53.) In the Subhasuttan in Majjhamanikaya Budha enumerates 

 many a vice and many a virtue with their consequent reward. 



(54.) Budha is called esssas^© S-fgedteaeao sattha dewamanussa- 

 nan. Teacher of gods and men. 



