BUDDHISM. 



159 



atoned for. Very many instances are given of the Bhikkhus 

 .submitting to a little gentle violence, and afterwards declaring 

 to Bhagawa that there was no volition on their part. He de- 

 clared that then there was no culpability. 



The account of the four Parajikas does not occupy more than 

 half of the book of that name, the remainder being devoted chiefly 

 to details, with the greatest minutiae, of sins of self-defilement, 

 onanism, and its kindred abominations ; because in the eyes of 

 the Great Teacher, the pure and sanctified Bhagawa, they 

 were less heinous than cohabiting with one's former wife, or 

 stealing an article to the value of a pada. 



There are many reasons for believing that this book con- 

 tains, on the whole, a true account of events which actually did 

 take place. There are very few instances of oriental exagge- 

 ration, as found in the Commentaries, to be met with here, 

 Bhagawa has generally only 500 Bhikkhus with him, who live 

 and act in a manner which we know exists in India. The 

 locality in which the Various deeds were done is very limited, 

 and the crimes mentioned are in many cases those which are 

 peculiar to such semi-civilized countries. 



The Second Parajika, called Adinna dan a Parajika relates 

 to stealing; and here too the enactment was preceded by a 

 crime which compelled Bhagawa to declare that henceforth 

 such deeds should be denominated Parajika faults. The crime 

 mentioned w r as as follows: — A Bhikkhu, the Venerable Dhaniyo, 

 was much troubled by grass women and collectors of firewood, 



Tassa kukkuchchan ahosi. Anapatti Bhikkhu Parajikassa. Apatti 

 Dukkhatassati. 



Tenakhopana samayena amiataro Bhikkhu annatarassa ittiya 

 patibaddha chitto hoti. Sa kalakata. Susane chhaddita, atthikani 

 wippakitta houti. Athakkho so Bhikkhu siwatikan gantwa attikani 

 sankadditwa, nimittena arigajatrm patipajesi. Tassa kukkuchchan 

 ahosi. Anapatti Bhikkhu Parajikassa. A'paiti Duhkhatassati. 



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