326 



JOURNAL, R.A.S. (CEYLON). [Vol. VIII. 



with iron — the iron projects for an inch or two at the foot to form 

 a share, which is often shaped like a cobra's hood. In the Jaffna 

 and Kandyan ploughs the upper end of the share is inserted 

 between the vakatta and the koravak-kote. 



In the Jaffna plough the shaft is rounded — a veritable pole. 

 This is not the case in the Sinhalese ploughs. In the latter 

 there is a notch* for the tying of the rope at the end ; in the 

 former this purpose is answered by a horizontal peg passing 

 through the pole. The Sinhalese shafts are usually made of 

 kitul wood. 



The low-country yokes are the same shape as the Jaffna yoke, 

 but instead of pegs at each end, only the one in the centre is used. 



The Kandyan yoke is heavier and more elaborate ; notches 

 supply the place of the centre peg. In both Kandyan and low- 

 country Sinhalese yokes, the ropes attaching the oxen to them 

 pass through holes at the extremities. 



(3). — Charms. 

 I. — Against Rats, 



€16V6V(TLh cJJ/Uq /DIG Co LJfT 65Q&J &<SU{T£BIT.-\ 



® L^fOULI<SVLCiQuiT<a,Q<SU &61Jn<SIT. 



g£LQ 6T<s$tU(gD)rrLS/<orr2sn- ^6®iu<^wmir(rrf{r y } ^muj(^)if<ST6i]i5v 6T6$$) 



^ih §)j5j$0Ljir<£j3jt®o OT6fiuq6$ffij/r(77?fr <^eQ^uLf&Jih<sSlil.(Sl 

 L^eoLcQuiT&Qm &®m&(t. 



1. O'm ! | Mr.§ Rat ! Mr. Tiger is coming, Mr. Cat is watching. 

 May all the rats go away together to another quarter. || Let it 

 be so ! 



* Often two, to provide for the employment of different-sized oxen. 

 The length of the shaft in all the ploughs is from eight to ten feet. 



f Properly <3r6urf a>/r, an exclamation of mystic import, used in making 

 an oblation to the gods. 



I The mystic invocation to the Hindu Triad. 



§ These honorifics are hardly translateable. 



|| Literally, "to that side," or perhaps L\®)Ccx should be translated 

 throughout by " field.'* 

 % See C. A. S. Journal, 1883, page 76, note. 



