NO. 41. — 1890.] REBELION DE CEYLAN. 



533 



ministers to introduce life rewards, for they were deemed 

 useful to the sovereign. The kings of Portugal made con- 

 siderable use of them in their Government, so as to keep then- 

 subjects always in expectation, and to have something to 

 give without exhausting the royal treasury, and saddling the 

 country with new creations and new honours, and without 

 diminishing by their numbers the value and authority of 

 rewards and titles. They provided that the sons should 

 inherit from their fathers if they deserved it ; for there 

 was a great difference between the persons themselves 

 and their heirs, and the chance of reward rarely descended 

 to the family and offspring of the person, This custom was 

 so praiseworthy and well received by many princes that 

 Philip the Prudent greatly desired to introduce it into 

 Castille, with the titles which in that kingdom were usually 

 hereditary and for perpetuity. 



By this equal division the Zing alas were satisfied and 

 content, and he had no reason to be afraid of any disturbance ; 

 for the enemy held back through fear of this union, the 

 confederates joined in friendship, and the tributaries 

 came over to allegiance. The General suited his actions 

 according to the times, grave, severe, mild, cautious, and 

 disinterested, never allowing his appearance or speech to 

 betray him : he comported himself in such a manner that his 

 easy way never allowed disrespect, neither did his severity 

 make him less loved. He invariably listened to the advice of 

 his officers and captains, who were all chosen for their own 

 merits and not out of respect for their position. In his 

 household everything about his person and family was most 

 quiet and modest ; his dress was neither mean, nor was it 

 costly ; everything he provided out of his own pocket, 

 giving out of his own to the poor, to the soldiers, and 

 to those who were deserving. He regulated the cost of all 

 ceremonies, arranging them according to the necessity of the 

 occasion ; and in this way avoided all vain display that 

 other ministers so often inflict upon the State, of which 

 they are the head and the example, and who display greater 



