FIFTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I908 



183 



[Geol. Atlas of the United States] of an inlier of Carlisle shale (Cre- 

 taceous, subdivision of the Benton formation) in the Niobrara fo>r-„ 

 mation (shale and limestone) on the crest of the Rock Canyon arch, 

 a broad anticlinal fold. A few miles farther north the same arch 

 produces at the crossing with the Kansas river an inlier where not 

 less than three of the underlying formations are brought to view. 



The last inlier mentioned which is caused by a low, broad and 

 long anticline brings us to those anticlines which, being little 

 longer than wide, are known as 



a Uplifts, parmas and domes. The State of New York does 

 not contain any of these structures. For this reason we cite 

 only two instances of- inliers arising from these structures, one 

 representing the smaller domes, and one those of the first order. 



Kindle 1 has described from northern Indiana, small outcrops 

 (about a quarter of a mile is the diameter of one given) of Niag- 

 ara limestone which form dome-shaped elevations, possessing 

 quaquaversal dips and are surrounded and partly covered by De- 

 vonian shales, thus forming inliers of Niagara beds in Devonic 

 rocks. These domes are considered by Kindle as analogous to 

 the " mud-lumps " at the mouth of the Mississippi. They formed 

 is 1 ands * during a large part of the early Devonic and were then 

 covered by the Devonic Black shale, thus corresponding in their 

 origin partly to our first group of deposition inliers, with the 

 difference, however, that the prominences of the sea bottom in 

 that group were thought to result merely from erosion. 



Domes of the first order are in this country typically repre- 

 sented by the Cincinnati and Nashville " uplifts " \scc text fig. 24"]. 

 which have been termed domes, uplifts, a geanticline by Dana and 

 designated as a " parma " by Suess. This broad and low anticline, 

 which is a secondary phenomenon in the great Paleozoic mediter- 

 ranean basin played an important role during Paleozoic time in 

 separating minor basins. It is now recognized by the fact that the 

 Lower Siluric forms two extensive inliers, a northern one. the 

 Cincinnati uplift on both sides of the middle course of the Ohio, a 

 southern one, the Nashville uplift in Tennessee. The latter pre- 

 sents in the long, pinnate offshoots along the Cumberland and Ten- 

 nessee rivers, excellent examples of the paramount influence of 

 corrasion in finally exposing the deeper beds. 



4 Fault inliers. Inliers are produced on the upthrow side of 

 faults. Two groups can be distinguished in this class, (a) those 



kindle. E. M. Am. Jour. Sci. 1903. 15:459. 



