Clarke — Oneonta, Ithaca and Portage Groups. 33 



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The desirability of having this Juliand hill section more fully elaborated 

 has led me to request Mr. F. H. Williams, of Greene, a very careful observer, 

 to collect the desired data for me. Mr. Williams, at the expense of some time 

 and no little labor, most cordially responded to my application, collecting with 

 much care from all exposures, not only on Juliand hill, but also on the 

 neighboring Cowles hill, and in a ravine known as Flag Gulf, about three 

 miles south of Greene. 



It will be observed that these sections serve to fortify the conclusion 

 previously drawn in regard to the character of this higher fauna. Certain 

 Chemung traits are evident therein, notwithstanding both the absence of some 

 distinctive Chemung types and the presence of some continued Ithacan features 

 The fauna is doubtless one of those passage groups which, in easy jock suc- 

 cessions, cannot be referred with precision to either the preceding or the 

 following fauna except upon a careful weighing of the predominant traits. 

 Here the majority of organic characters points to a closer alliance with the 

 later (Chemung) fauna than with that which has been^left below.* 



Juliand Hill. (Figure 1.) 



The first outcrop (A) is at an old quarry 150 feet above the Chenango 

 river, probably 75-100 feet above the Oneonta green sands and shales exposed 

 on BirdsalTs brook, Greene (Station M, Report 1894). The rock is a flaggy 

 gray sandstone, with the following fossils : 



Atrypa reticularis. This is the very large, expanded and gibbous form 

 common at certain Chemung horizons in the western counties. It is here 

 abundant and associated with smaller specimens of relatively coarser plication ; 

 undoubtedly young forms of the same variety. 



Ten toe u I ties spicuhis. 



Spirifer mucronatus var. A diminutive form, short Avinged, faintly vari- 

 cose and with but a trace of the median plication at the bottom of the sinus. 

 It is a distinct departure from any expression of this species occurring in the 

 Hamilton group, and is probably identical with the variety posterus. 



Actinoptsria eta. 



Goniophom sp. 



* Sueh introductory faunas, preceding the culmination of a given organic assemblage, though they may embarrass the sub- 

 division of sedimentary formations and obscure lines of demarkat ion. especially where, as in this State, the succession is 

 undisturbed, yet involve mauv importantt questions pertaining to the history of organic life and the bathymetry of ancient seas. 

 In another place the writer has used the expression, prenurunal fauna, for one which appears abruptly and in partial development, 

 and after a brief sojourn disappears, to reappear in the same vertical section after a considerable interval and in fuil form. Thus 

 the fauna of the Genundewah or Styliola limestone of the Genesee beds in western New York is prenuncial of the Naples fauna, 

 from which it is separated by a mass of bituminous shales, with but few fossils, and those of but little Mmilarity to the members 

 of adjoining faunas. For an introductory fauna which heralds the incoming of a new organic association and passes gradually, 

 without interval or interruption, into that culminant assemblage, the term j/rotmial fauna may appropriately be used. 



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