The Economic Geology of Onondaga Comity, New York. 



By D. Dana Luther. 



CONTENTS. 



Location, Area akd Topography, p. 241. 

 The Geologic Succession, p. 246. 



Clinton Shales, p. 247. Niagara Limestxribe, Outcrops, p. 247; Quarries, p. 248; Product, p. 24!). 



Salma Group, lied Shales, p. 250; Distribution, p. 250; Usu in Manufacture of Brick, p. 251; Salt_ 

 p. 251; History of Manufacture and Product on State Reservation, p. 251: Borings for Rock Salt, 

 p. 253; Tully Wells, p. 254; Solvay Co., Product and Handling of Brine, p. 256; Ammonia-soda 

 Process, p. 257; Well Records, p. 263. Gypseous Shales, p. 264; Lithologic Character, i> 264; 

 Gypsum, Occurrence, p. 265; History of Production, p. 266; Product and Producers, p. 266. 



Lower Helderlerg Group, p. 267: Water-lime, p. 268; Geologic Relations and Distribution, p. 268; 

 Mode of Exploitation and Manufacture, p. 269; Producers and Product, p. 270; Stromatopora Bed, 

 ]). 272: Blue Limestone, p. 272; Edifices of, p. 272; Product of Quick-lime, p. 272; Producers of Lime- 

 stone, p. 273. 



Oriskany Sandstone, Character, Thickness and Extent, p. 274. 



Upper LLelderherg Group: Corniferous Limestone, p. 275; Distribution and Characters, p. 276; 

 Economic Importance, p. 277; Mode of Quarrying, p. 277; Producers and Product, p. 278; Archi- 

 tectural Examples, p. 270. 



Hamilton Group: MarceUus Shales, p. 279; Goniatite Limestone, Extent and Use, p. 279. Hamil- 

 ton Shales and Sandstone;<, Geologic Character and Distribution p. 281; Agricultural Importance, 

 p. 281; Other Economic Uses, p. 282. Tally Limestone, Character, Extent, Quarries, p. 282. 



Chemung Group: Genesee Slate, Distribution, p. 284. Portage Shales and Flags, Character. Distri- 

 bution, Fossils, p. 285. 



Quaternary Formations, p. 2K6; Drift, p. 286; Buried Valleys, p. 286; Gravel, p. 287; Saud, 

 p. 287; Product and Producers, p. 287; Clays, p. 288; Distribution, Product and Producers, p. 288; 

 Brick, Manufacture and Product, p. 288; Analysis, p. 290; Marl, Extent, p. 290; Portland Cement, 

 p. 291; Mode of Manufacture and Product, p. 291. 



Condition of the Rock Strata, \\. 292; Dip, p. 292; Eolus, p. 2U3; Faults, p. x> ( .»:; ; A uticlincs and 

 Synclines, p. 293; Eruptives, p. 294; Gas, p. 297. 



Tables of Economic Products, p. 298, 



Location, Area and Topography. 

 The county of Onondaga is, in shape, a nearly rectangular parallelogram, 

 lying between 42° 45' and 43° 1.")' north latitude, and 0° 29' and 1° (>' 

 longitude, east from Washington. It is bounded on the north by Oswego 

 county, the Oneida river forming a part of the boundary line at the north and 

 Oneida lake on the northeast; on the east by Madison county, Chittenango 

 creek making a part of the county line; on the south by Cortland and 

 Cayuga counties, from the latter of which it is separated in tin- southwest 

 corner by Skaneateles lake, and on the west by Cayuga county. The greatest 

 length of the county from north to south is thirty-three miles, the average 

 length being twenty-nine miles and the average width twenty-eight miles. Ir 

 has an area of 812 square miles, or 519, uXO acres, of which 459,229 acres are 

 land, the remaining 60,451 acres representing the combined area of the lake*. 

 1(3 241 



