Luther — Economic Geology of Onondaga County. 



27 I 



rock is brought down in cars by gravity from the quarry, which is 100 rods 

 south of the works. Output, 100,000 bushels. 



L. H. Walker has a cement mill, run by water power, near Marcel 1 us 

 falls. The kiln is on the east bank of the creek, and the quarry at the top of 

 the bluff behind the kiln. Output, 3,000 bushels. 



P. C. Corrigan has a mill and two kilns at Skaneateles falls, and two 

 1 1 uarries, one on each side of Skaneateles outlet. Output, 12,000 bushels. 



In H. E. Alvord's quarry, at Manlius, the top of the upper layer of 

 hydraulic limestone is forty -six feet, four inches below the bottom of the 

 Oriskany sandstone, which appears in the low bluff a short distance east of 

 the principal excavation. This space is occupied by dark bluish or black 

 bituminous limestones in u runs" or layers from one to nine feet thick, of 

 the same general character as that next below the water-lime courses. The 

 layers are usually separated by thin seams of carbonaceous matter. 



At the foot of the hill west of the cemetery, one mile south of Onondaga 

 valley, two thin, non-persistent nodular layers of chert occur. No chert was 

 observed elsewhere in this horizon. Several species of fossils occur in these 

 beds, thongh not all that are found in the upper layer appear in the lower. 



In Alvord's quarry, a layer nine feet, eight inches thick at the thickest 

 place, forms the " cap " of the quarry. It is exceedingly rough and scraggy, 

 and very striking in appearance. It is composed largely of the fossil /Stroma- 

 /<>/><;/■((, and is very pure, making, when burned, a very superior quality of 

 quicklime. This layer is very persistent, appearing prominently at every 

 exposure of this horizon, except in the vicinity of Split Rock. The fossil 

 is very abundant also in many exposures in strata below the water-lime 

 courses. At Severance's gypsum quarry, in Dewitt, it may be seen not more 

 than iifteen feet above the top of the massive bed of gypsum. Lipoulitui 

 alta, Spirifer Vanuxemi, and Stropheodonta inequistnalis, also occur above 

 as well as below the water-lime layers. The upper layers at .Manlius con- 

 tain several species of corals, cyathophylloid and favositoid, and a few 

 brachiopods. 



At Jamesville, in E. B. Alvord's quarry, on the west side of the valley, 

 there are thirty-one feet of limestone between the upper water-lime bed and 

 the Oriskany sandstone. Stvomatopom is very abundant through the upper 

 twenty feet. 



At Britton & Clark's, south of Syracuse, on the east side of Onondaga 

 valley, the same strata have a thickness of twenty feet. On the opposite side 

 of the valley, two miles west, they are eleven feet, six inches thick, and at 



