290 



Report of the State Geologist. 



A brickyard was started by Ammi Crawford in 1829, at this place, long 

 known as Brickyard Point. Tile and a small amount of pottery were made 

 here about 18-16. Since the organization of the New York Brick and Paving 

 Co. the clay has been transported to Syracuse by canal and manufactured 

 into vitrified or paving brick, without the addition of any new material, by 

 the ordinary method employed in making bricks for building purposes, 

 except that the application of a higher degree of heat is required. 



The following analysis of this clay was kindly furnished by Mr. J. L. 

 Breed, general manager of the company : 



Silica, . . 57.03 



Alumina, • 14.644 



Sesq. ox. Iron, 3.369 



Ox. Manganese, .185 



Magnesia, 3.468 



Lime, . . 9.298 



Organic matter, 11.700 



Potassa, . .296 



Loss, 010 



100.000 



The company employs forty men. The annual output is 10,000,000 

 bricks, of which 8,000,000 are used in paving streets and 2,000,000 in build- 

 ings. Five miles of the streets of Syracuse are paved with these brick. The 

 company also manufactures acid proof brick and tile for the lining of digesters 

 used in the manufacture of paper. 



Deposits of marl and marly clay are found in the towns of Fabius and 

 Tully in the vicinity of the lakes, ponds and swamps, the calcic carbonate 

 being derived from the large amount of comminuted or pulverized limestone 

 in the drift. Marl is found in large quantities in and about all of the small 

 lakes in the limestone section of Dewitt and Manlius, and in Onondaga and 

 Cross lakes. Cicero swamp contains a very large bed, and others occur in the 

 marshy tracts in the towns of Dewitt and Manlius. Other large deposits of 

 an exceptionally pure quality have been found in Camillus, Elbridge and 

 the southern part of Van Buren, near the Erie canal. The marl from some 

 of these beds is very pure calcic carbonate. When made into bricks and 

 bin ned it makes exceedingly white, clear lime. It has been utilized for this 

 purpose to a slight extent, and it has been considered as of some value as a 

 fertilizer. Its chief economic value at present is due to the fact that it is the 



