Report ov the State Geologist. 



and it is probable that this stratum is the source from which these fragments 

 were derived. 



On the Canadian side of the Niagara river, from a point about opposite 

 Strawberry island to the International bridge, there is an almost continuous 

 exposure of shales, nearly all of which are more or less gypseous and often 

 spongy, as if mineral matter had been removed by solution. A short distance 

 above the bridge, water-lime appears in the river-bed and can be traced to a 

 point opposite to, or a little above, the stone church. 



The Hydraulic Limestones. 



The northern edge of the Corniferous limestone, together with the Onon- 

 daga limestone and the tipper part of the hydraulic limestones, form a well- 

 defined escarpment running in a general southwesterly direction from the 

 Genesee county line to the city of Buffalo. For the greater part of that dis- 

 tance this escarpment is approximately parallel to the Bloomingdale and 

 Williamsville roads, as is seen by the accompanying map. Within the 

 city it follows the general direction of Main street from the almshouse to near 

 the New York Central railroad belt line at Rodney and Fillmore avenues. 

 After crossing Main street, it passes near the corner of Oakwood and Wood 

 ward to Oakwood and Parkside and enters the park at the stone quarry, 

 crossing from there into the cemetery at the corner of the iron fence near 

 Agassiz place. From here it sweeps around in a curve to Scajaquada creek 

 at Main street bridge, and passes out of sight beneath the drift on the left 

 bank, about 300 feet below the bridge. By examining sewer cuttings, holes 

 for telegraph poles and other excavations, the edge of the Corniferous lime- 

 stone is found to lie between Potomac and Bird avenues on Norwood avenue, 

 and appears near the Niagara river at the corner of Auburn and Niagara 

 streets, where there is a good outcrop. < >n the Canadian side of the river, the 

 edge of this limestone should be near the ferry landing. The rock is well 

 exposed a short distance above. 



The hydraulic limestone is usually visible at the base, or north side, of 

 this escarpment as a stratum of variable thickness in the face of the cliff, but 

 occasionally forms a terrace ranging from a few feet to 200 yards in width, 

 and approximately parallel to the escarpment. This terrace is most conspic- 

 uous between Williamsville and the Buffalo city line, in the Bennett-Pierce 

 tract the hydraulic limestone is found near the surface as far north as the 

 swamp, and I am informed by Mr. David F. Day, that it occurs near the sur- 

 face at the deer paddock in the park. Sewer and other excavations have 



