1\ies — Geology ok Orange County. 



417 



Cooley's quarry. At the time of the writer's visit in September, 18&5, Mr. 

 Cooley had uncovered the specimen to a length of twenty-nine feet. The 

 "fossil tree" has a diameter of fourteen inches at the upper end and eight 

 inches at the lower end. To this point it dips about thirty degrees along 

 the bedding; the stem then makes a sharp turn, and can be seen extending 

 downward several feet more at an angle of about seventy degrees. The dip 

 of the sandstones is about thirty-five degrees to the east. 



Most of the rocks on the steep eastern side of Skunnemunk mountain 

 are grey sandstones, which, in the second railroad cut north of Woodbury 

 falls, contain plant remains, chiefly Pm'dopli-yton,. 



The hills to the southeast of Skunnemunk mountain, between it and 

 Hazard pond, or Cromwell lake as it is more commonly called, are probably 

 underlaid by the Bellvale flags, but outcrops are very scarce, owing to the 

 heavy mantle of drift. Several outcrops of sandstone were seen about 

 three-quarters of a mile due north of Hazard pond, and to the north of 

 this are some arenaceous shales, in which imperfect specimens of Ohonetes 

 were found. 



The Monroe shales underlie Skunnemunk mountain throughout its whole 

 extent, but are best developed along its western and northwestern base. 

 They are grey to black, fissile to slaty shales, and are not uncommonly 

 fossiliferous. They crop out along the road south of Baggs clove (242) and 

 on the eastern side of Skunnemunk mountain, are to be seen at the base of 

 the mill dam at Woodbury falls, where the dip is nearly vertical. Their 

 greatest development is in Pea hill, near Cornwall. There they crop out in 

 great abundance, especially on the southwest side of the hill, where it rises 

 steeply from Moodna creek (48(5). 



The shale also appears on the eastern side of Pea hill, near the obser- 

 vation tower on the summit. On the south slope in the middle of a 

 field about half-way up the hill, is an inconspicuous outcrop of a very 

 hard, fine-grained red and grey sandstone (484), containing great quantities of 

 fossils. The rock is strongly cemented together with iron. The red sand- 

 stone predominates. The following much distorted fossils were observed : 

 Spirifer, sp.? Tentaculites, sp. \ Meristella, sp. ( Orthis, sp. \ Theca, sp. ? 

 Ohonetes, sp. '. Rhynchonella, sp. '. 



Along Moodna river, near the south end of Pea hill, is a cliff of hard 

 sandstone traversed by numerous joints (485). Only one fossil was found in 

 it, viz. : Pentamerdla a rata. Extending up the centre of the cliff is a strip 

 of fine-grained, black, nodular rock, which is so hard as to break with 

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