608 



Repokt of the State Geologist. 



and crystallizing magma, and concentrated by those magmatic changes, 

 regarding which we are accumulating many observations, but of w hose causes 

 we yet know little. This same view has been advanced in my previous 

 reports for the smaller ores in gabbros and, as all familiar with the literature 

 know, it is the explanation advanced in later years for the parallel occurrences 

 of titaniferous ores in Scarfdinavia. It merely assumes an abnormal richness 

 in favored localities of one of the normal but subordinate minerals of these 

 rocks. Details of the size, composition and location of the ore-bodies are 

 given in a subsequent paragraph. 



Series IV. There are no Palaeozoic sediments in the township. 



Series V. No diabase or other dikes have been met, but there is little 

 doubt that such exist. 



Series VI. There is a great deal of drift and gravel south of Tahawus 

 post office, and from there to and beyond Newcomb post office. The borrow 

 pits of the fine highway from Newcomb to Mr. Pruyn's camp on Newcomb 

 lake, give excellent- sections and exhibit large boulders often mingled with the 

 finer gravels. The boulders are all of anorthosites or related rocks that have 

 been brought down in great quantity from the mountains on the north, and 

 that supply the most convenient means of studying their varieties. 



Iron Mines. The only iron mines of the town are those around lakes 

 Sanford and Henderson, which were opened about 1840. Rumors of the 

 existence of the ore reached the settlements some five years or more earlier, so 

 that an expedition was organized in 1836 and another in 1837, that went in to 

 lake Henderson and brought back reports about the district.* The Natural 

 History Survey of New York was organized at about this time and in the 

 next few years the annual reports of Professor Ebenezer Emmons, who had 

 charge of the work in this part of the State, make extended mention of the 

 ores. Professor Emmons was profoundly impressed with their abundance and 

 extent and regarded them as among the most important resources of the state. 

 In his final reportf he gives a fairly complete description and urges their 

 development. Soon after this a small blast furnace was erected, of five tons 

 daily capacity, and some years later a larger one of twelve to fifteen tons, 

 together with puddling furnaces and the necessary machinery for making bar 

 iron.;} The latter stack is still standing and the accompanying illustration is 

 from a photograph taken by the writer in September, 1894. Mr. Rossi gives 



* W. C Kedfield, Some Account of Two Visit* to the Mountains of Essex County, N. Y.. 1*36-1837. American Journal of 

 Science, i XXXIII., 301. 



+ Report on the Second Districi, p. 244, 1842. 



X Sec A. J. Rossi -Titaniferous Ores in the HlaBt-Furnace ; Transactions American Institute of Mining Engineers, XXI., 

 pp 812, 1893. Especially p. 835. 



