The Discovery of a Sessile Conularia.* 



By R. Ruedemann. 



In collecting, in a layer of the lower Utica shale, problematic filiform 

 fossils to which Professor J. M. Clarke had directed the writer's attention, a 

 Conula/ria was found to which are attached several smaller cuneiform fossils 

 by organs which at first sight appear like rings. A thorough search in the 

 locality has furnished four more specimens of Conularia which bear such 

 appendages; also a few impressions of shells of Trochonetna to which were 

 attached, in one case, a single individual of the supposed Conularia (PI. II, 

 fig. 1), and in another case many, but mostly poorly preserved, remains of 

 Conulwia; also the ever present Diplograptus foMaceus, Murch. sp., and the 

 above-mentioned prohlemaficu/a, which will be described later. 



That the Conularice, their cuneiform appendages and the similar Larger 

 bodies attached to shells of Trochonema belong together, is a supposition for 

 which this note is intended to submit the arguments. 



The Conularice to which the supposed young are attached (PI. I, 

 fig. f, in which the interior cast of the shell is partly seen), as well as those 

 found without the young in the same layer, compare best with Conula/ria 

 gnwilis, Hall.f This form was described from the shaly upper part of the 

 Trenton limestone near Middleville, N. Y., while the specimens of the writer's 

 collection were found in the lowest Utica shale. 



One specimen (PI. II, fig. 5) has been figured <>u account of its remark- 

 ably well preserved ornamentation and the structure of the angular grooves. 

 It expands more rapidly than the others, the average angle of which is only 

 12°. A specimen with a length of l-f.."> cm. has an angle of 11°. The 

 specimen illustrated rests on one edge. This, however, is not the common 

 mode of compression in this species, for the great majority <>f specimens 

 apparently show only two angular grooves and one face of the pyramid, 

 because the whole shell has been compressed into the face on which it 

 originally rested. According to Holm:}; this mode of compression is found 

 with Comtlariee of quadratic section, while those of rhombic or rhomboidal 



* Two instalments of this paper, with three of the accompanying plates, have already been published in the American 

 Geologist ; Article I, in Vol. XVII, March 1896, pp. 158-165, and Article n, in Vol. XVIII, August, 18(16. pp. 65-71. The observa- 

 tions heretofore unpublished begin with page Til of the preseut article, and are illustrated by an additional plate. 



t Pal. of New York, Vol I, p. 224, Plate LIX, figure 5, 1847. 



t Sveriges Kambrisk-Siluriska Hyolithidas och Conulariida; ; Sveriges (ieol. Undersiikning. Ser. C. No. 112. 



701 



