INTERGLACIAL DEPOSITS OF W. CUMBERLAND AND N. LANCASHIRE. 29 



3. Interglacial Deposits of West Cumberland and North Lanca- 

 shire. By J. D. Kendall, Esq., C.E., E.G.S. (Read Novem- 

 ber 17, 1880.) 



[Plate III.] 



Contents. 



1. Introduction. 



2. Observed Facts. 



3. Deductions. 



1. Introduction. 



The glacial deposits of these districts are capable of a threefold 

 division, as below : — 



1. Boulder-clay (Upper). 



2. Sand, Grravel, and Clay. 



3. Boulder-clay (Lower). 



Seldom do we find the whole three members present in one 

 section. Sometimes the Lower Boulder-clay alone is found; at 

 others this is overlain by sand or gravel or clay, or by some or all 

 of these rocks. In other cases we find the series complete. They 

 occur almost continuously, in more or less completeness, from the 

 sea-shore to an altitude of 500 feet ; and from that level they appear 

 in patches up to 1000 feet above the sea. 



The two Boulder- clays have the ordinary character, and are very 

 much alike, except that the lower is tougher than the upper and 

 contains larger boulders. The character of the included stones is 

 the same in both clays, as well as in the middle sands and gravel. 

 Some most remarkable facts are presented by the distribution of 

 these boulders*. 



Associated with these glacial beds, and occurring at various 

 places, sometimes inland, sometimes along the sea-coast, between 

 high- and low-water marks, there are a number of deposits of vege- 

 table matter, which hitherto have been almost entirely neglected by 

 geologists. 



When occurring on the sea-shore, these deposits usually pass 

 by the name of " submerged forests." I am, however, inclined 

 to doubt the accuracy of this appellation. After a long and careful 

 investigation into the nature of these deposits, I have come to the 

 conclusion that they are not forests at all, nor the sites of forests, 

 as will appear further on. 



* " On the Distribution of Boulders in West Cumberland, by J. D. Kendall, 

 C.E., F.G.S.," vol. v. Trans. Cumberland Assoc. for the Advancement of Lit. 

 and Science. 



