LIASSIC ROCKS OF THE CARLISLE BASIN. 



291 



below 28 feet of drift 277 feet of red stone with white bands were 

 pierced, which seemed to the borer to resemble " Lazonby stone." 

 Now " Lazonby stone " is, in other words, Penrith (the great Lower 

 Permian) Sandstone ; but it is in the highest degree improbable that 

 Penrith Sandstone would be found near the surface at Garlands, 

 the natural presumption being that both St. -Bees and Kirklinton 

 Sandstones overlie it there. A very simple explanation, however, 

 suggests itself. The Penrith and Kirklinton Sandstones resemble 

 each other very much in colour, and equally differ in that respect 

 from the St. Bees. Both the Penrith and St.-Bees Sandstones are 

 largely quarried — the former about Lazonby and Penrith, the latter 

 near Curthwaite and Aspatria; but the soft Kirklinton stone is 

 scarcely ever quarried, and is well shown only in localities that are 

 but little generally known or visited. Hence the testimony of the 

 borer, though decidedly against the supposition that the stone in the 

 bore-hole was St. Bees, is not really against the view that it was 

 Kirklinton Sandstone, as I have no doubt was the case. Its outcrop 

 hereabouts will keep a little east of Warwick and west of Scotby 

 and Carleton, abutting against the Newbiggin and Cummersdale 

 fault in the neighbourhood of Brisco Hall. 



The Kirklinton Sandstone is nowhere visible in the sectionless 

 country between the Eden and Hether Burn ; but in the latter 

 stream it may be seen from Hether-Bank Bridge to its junction with 

 the Line. At and above Hether-Bank Bridge are quarries in St.- 

 Bees Sandstone, the dip being about south-west. At Cliff Bridge^ 

 Kirklinton, the Kirklinton Sandstone is extremely well displayed, 

 and it may be seen, on ascending the Line, as far up as Shield Green, 

 between Kirklinton Hall and the Muckle Linn. Between Shield 

 Green and Brackenhill Tower is St.-Bees Sandstone, and above 

 Brackenhill Tower Carboniferous beds (mainly sandstones and shales) 

 are brought in by a fault which ranges nearly north and south, and 

 may be seen crossing the river close to the Tower. 



Between Shield Green and Kirklinton Hall a bed appears in the 

 Kirklinton Sandstone much resembling that of St. Bees; and in this 

 harder band are two quarries, one in the northern corner of Hirst 

 "Wood, the other on the right bank of the river at Stag Ford. Prom 

 the dip, these two quarries are in all probability in the same bed, 

 and the St. -Bees-like stone need not be more than about 30 feet 

 thick. 



There are no signs of faults, and the St.-Bees-like rock is evi- 

 dently interbedded with Kirklinton Sandstone of ordinary appear- 

 ance. This circumstance seems worth noting here, as, combined with 

 the want of any evidence of unconformity between the two formations 

 at Shield Green, it tends towards a totally different view from that 

 pointed at by all the rest of the evidence bearing on the relations of 

 these two beds. 



Below Cliff Bridge the Kirklinton Sandstone may be seen as far 

 down as Metal Bridge, a little below the junction of the Esk and Line, 

 being well shown at Westlinton. (I have already mentioned the 

 boring at Justice Town, which showed 170 feet of Kirklinton Sand- 



