ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. 



203 



small as the fauna is known to be ; but I shall reserve this as the 

 basis of my next address, if permitted to do so. 



The recent work of the Geological Survey has proved that the 

 greater part of the Calciferous Sandstone of Scotland is the equivalent 

 in time of the true Carboniferous Limestone of England. Most of 

 the Carboniferous Limestone of Scotland is the equivalent in time 

 of the Yoredale rocks of Yorkshire ; so also is most of that 

 part of the Carboniferous Limestone series of Northumberland 

 from which lists of fossils have been published. In fact the terms 

 Calciferous Sandstone, Lower Limestone Shales, Carboniferous 

 Limestone, and Yoredale Bocks must really be regarded as repre- 

 senting conditions of depth and deposit, and not, when comparing 

 different areas, as representing relative age. I have had great 

 difficulty in dealing with the Yoredale species, as well as those 

 from the Lower Limestone Shales, arising from the terms " Lower 

 Limestone" of the north of England and Scotland and Lower 

 Limestone Shale of the South-west of England and South Wales not 

 being always applied to the same horizons by different authors. 

 Physically in South Wales, Gloucestershire, and Somersetshire they 

 can be definitely traced and mapped, carrying with them an unmis- 

 takable suite of fossils, differing essentially from the Great, or Scaur, 

 or Carboniferous Limestone above ; entirely destitute of many 

 zoological groups, especially the compound Actinozoa, the Bryozoa, 

 and the Cephalopoda ; abounding in fish-remains, chiefly Placoidei 

 (teeth and spines). 



The comparison of the Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, 

 and Lancashire rocks amongst themselves, and further correlation 

 with the Scotch series, has yet to be effected ; but the three groups 

 in the table at p. 226 (viz. the Lower Limestone shales, the Carbo- 

 niferous Limestone, and the Yoredale rocks) present, as nearly as 

 possible, the census of species as now received and recorded. 



In the Pendle and Clitheroe area the Yoredale rocks are of great 

 thickness, 3000—4000 feet ; they are scarcely represented in Scotland, 

 although so near; whilst the great or " Scaur-limestone" of Derby- 

 shire is represented in Northumberland. The probable arrangement 

 and agreement of the North-of-England and Central-Scottish stages 

 have been arranged or correlated by Mr. Hull, through a tacit 

 agreement with Professor Geikie and Mr. Lebour, both on strati- 

 graphical and palaeontological grounds. The stages are as follows : — 



North of England. Central Scotland. 



Stages E. Gannjster beds. E. Slaty-black-band series. 



D. Millstone Grit. D. Moorstone-rock series. 



f " Great Limestone." [ Upper Limestone series. 



^ J p ) (Yoredale beds.) 



' 1 Flagstone and Shales. 1 Lower Coal-and-Ironstone 



|_ |_ series. 



B. " Scaur-Limestone series." B. Lower Limestone series. 



A. { S 7< e T^dia a n ' 6 ) nt ' } A " Calciferous Sandstone series. 



Mr. Lebour, in corroboration of this, compared lists of fossils from 

 the " Great Limestone " of Northumberland (" the most marked 



