234 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



33 feet, the Gault 135 feet, succeeded by loose red, coarse, and fine 

 sand, having all the appearance of the New Red Sandstone, and 

 resembling the Kentish-Town Red series. 



The boring No. 3, the most important in geological results, 

 was that at Messrs. Meux's, Tottenham Court Road. The London 

 Tertiaries here attained to 156 feet, the Upper Chalk 440 feet, 

 the Lower Chalk and Chalk-marl 215 feet, the Gault and Upper 

 Greensand 190 feet, the Neocomian (of peculiar type) 64 feet ; 

 beneath this occurred the Upper Devonian shales at the depth of 

 1064 feet, with characteristic fossils, Spirifera disjuncta, Edmondia, 

 Rhynchonella cuboides, Orthis sp., &c. This was the first indication 

 of the presence of rocks older than the Neocomian east of North 

 Devon and north of the latitude of London, clearly showing the 

 easterly extension of the Palaeozoic rocks from the western side of 

 England, and extending towards Holland and Belgium. This boring 

 therefore may be considered classical ; it has revealed to us what 

 was surmised intuitively by Mr. Godwin-Austen and Prof. Prest- 

 wich. Turnford and Ware have revealed other facts of nearly equal 

 significance, and at the depth of 940 feet and 800 feet. 



The 4th boring is that at Turnford, 12 miles north of London, 

 where the London Tertiaries are 100 feet thick, the Chalk 620 feet, 

 the Upper Greensand 15 feet, the Gault 135 feet, the Neocomian, 

 of the Carr-stone type, about 12 inches. We here again prove the 

 position of the dark chocolate-coloured L T pper Devonian rocks 

 crowded with characteristic fossils ; at the depth of 940 feet I 

 obtained Spirifera disjuncta, Rhynchonella cuboides, Rhodocrinus, 

 Strophomena rhomboidalis, Edmondia, Pterinwa, Avimlopecten, 

 Modiola, Avicida damnoniensis, A. texturata, Fenestella, Tenta- 

 culites, &c. 



The 5th trial or boring for water was at Ware, east of Hertford, 

 and due north of the Turnford boring. The boring commenced 

 here in the Upper Chalk, which is 416 feet thick, followed by the 

 Chalk-marl 125 feet, the Upper Greensand 77 feet, and the Gault 

 160 feet, the Neocomian a trace only (8 inches), and of the Carr- 

 stone type, resting upon an eroded surface of Upper Silurian Lime- 

 stone. The probable relation of these beds to the typical Wenlock 

 series of Wales and Shropshire I have discussed in the earlier 

 portion of this section. No less than 20 species of Brachiopoda 

 alone, with 13 other species, occur and are given in the list ; and 

 all were extracted from a core less than 3 feet in length and 1 foot 

 in diameter. 



The species collected were the following : — 



I. Protozoa : Ischadites Koenigii, Murch. II. Echinodermata : 

 Periechocrinus moniliformis and Taxocrinus sp. III. Annelida : Ten- 

 taculites ornatus, Sow. IV. Crustacea : Phacops caudatus, Brongn. 

 Molltjsca Brachiopoda : Orthis canaliculata, Dalm. ; O. eler/antula, 

 Dalm.; Meristella tumida, Dalm.; Cyrtia expor recta, Wahl. ; Spirifera 

 elevata, Dalm. ; S. plicatella, Linn. ; Athyris sp. ; Crania implicata, 

 Sow. ; Rhynchonella cuneata, Dalm. ; Atrypa reticularis ; Pentamerus 

 falcatus, Dalm. ; P. linguifer, Sow. ; Strojrfiomena euglypha, Dalm. ; 



