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JOURNAL, R.A.S. (CEYLON). [VOL. XIII. 



the earliest settlements in the Warmi, also probably dates 

 from pre-Christian times. Its Sinhalese name is Tittaveli.* 



The hill at Kuruntankulani or Piyangala is identified by 

 Mr. Parker as the spot visited by Buddha on his second 

 journey to Ceylon, and the tank would therefore date from 

 at least the middle of the third century B.C. The adjoining 

 large tank, Tannirmurippu, may have been of later date, or 

 it may have been repaired later .| 



Iratperiyakulam, Mr. Parker thinks, is the "Alawichcha 

 lake " named in an inscription at the base of the large rock 

 which towers above the tank and village, in which case " the 

 lake " must have been constructed prior to 113 A.D.J 



Periyakulam he would assign to the first two centuries 

 A.D., Mamadu and Olumadu to the second or third century,§ 

 Kanakarayankulam to the third or fourth century, and 

 Vavmiiya to the fourth or fifth.|| Pandarakulam is also of 

 ancient date, but nothing is known regarding its early name 

 and history.^ 



There are two ancient stone dams or weirs on the Kallaru 

 and another one on the Peraru, which are fully described 

 by Mr. H. Parker.** Of the former, one, which he calls 

 the " Kurinchakulamff tekkam," is situated close to where 

 the Puvarasankulam-Venkalacheddikkulam road crosses the 

 river ; the other, which is of superior construction and prob- 

 ably of later date, is some four miles lower down the river. 

 They both appear to be of early date, but Mr. Parker thinks 

 they were built long after the completion of Pavatkulam. 



* Sessional Papers, 1886, p. 186. 

 f Id., p. 449. 

 % Id., p. 109. 



§ Ip., pp. 185-439. Mamadu is perhaps considerably earlier. It was 

 repaired in the tenth century a.d. 

 || Id., p. 180. 

 f Id., p. 444, 



** Id., pp. 114-116, 455-456. 



ff I could not find that the villagers knew it by this name. It is simply 

 known as the Alaikaddu ("wave-bund"), as is the other dam lower down 

 the river. (See diary of May 11. 1 890.) 



