NO. 45. — 1894.] ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE WANNI. 



157 



The third, the Adukku-kallu anicut, is two miles below the 

 Manmalai tank, and formed a part of the same scheme.* 



There is another anicut across the Paliyaru called Chem- 

 pakam Cheddikallu, 2J miles from Munrumurippu, which is 

 supposed to be artificial. 



The remains of an ancient stone bridge are to be seen in 

 the jungle behind the Olukkulam village near the minor road 

 from Nelukkulam : — 



It was 200 or 300 ft. long, and was raised upon piers of substantial 

 stone posts. It crossed the stream which flowed from the southern low 

 level sluice and Icalingula. The road which passes over it still goes by 

 the name of the Mdvwta, " the high road," although the ends of the 

 bridge are hidden in dense jungle. The people say that this was a 

 main road from Anuradhapura to Jaffna, possibly by way of Upatissa- 

 nuwara.f 



At the lower dam on the Kallaru are to be seen what may 

 be the vestiges of another bridge, which would also have 

 been on a high road from Upatissa-nuwara : — 



In the up-stream part of the rock on which this lower dam is built, 

 and about 30 ft. distant, there is a row of six socket holes,J 9 in. 

 square in plan and about 10 or 12 ft. apart, running straight across 

 the river, and nearly parallel to the dam. One of the holes is only 

 slightly cut and two others are but little deeper ; the depth of the 

 deepest one is 9 in. Two gaps exist where the cutting of other 

 holes has not been begun. § 



There are remains of ancient irrigation channels : one 

 connecting Madukanda with Maniyarkulam, a distance of 

 about 2 miles ; two at Pavatkulam, which have been traced 

 3 and 2 J miles respectively ; and also at Putumurippukulam, 

 Tannirmurippu, and other tanks. 



* It appears to be called also " The Women's Dam." There is no 

 tradition accounting- for the name. (Diary of May 16, 1886.) 



A natural ledge of rock across the Paliyaru, 2\ miles from Panankamam, 

 has been mistaken for an artificial dam. " The gneiss rock has split in 

 such a manner that in places it looks artificial, but that is often seen." 

 (Diary of May 12, 1886.) 



f Sessional Papers, 1886, p. 114. 



% Id., p. 116. They may have been intended to hold posts before the 

 anicut was built, against which a temporary dam was raised when the 

 flood subsided. 



§ Id., p. 110. 



