No. 45. — 1894.] ancient tamil poets. 193 

 (3) &-<3d&iT<smt—. Q&ir6iKr^<b(&j<5 JSsQipirefil (^(ruSpjpj&G&iripe&r 



LD&SITtzir p €®LQl53jGk Q&l&(&jLL®<511i58r \ 



Paranar, who addressed the fifth pattu of the Padittup- 

 pattu* to the Chera king Senkuttuvan, and, as I have said 

 before, received presents from him, calls him the son of 

 Seraldtan by the daughter of Chola : — 



(&ju.<suiT QsirLn(tO<osr®(^ Q&ir6dir<3p(&)& Q&nipGsr LD6mdQ<sfilu$iSBrp 



LDSeST *.Q&IEJ(£jLL(B<51J68r t 



And in the Manimekhalai, a poem written by Kulavdnikan 

 Sittalai Sdttandr, a contemporary of Senkuttuvan, Karikdla 

 is spoken of as already dead :— 



LD68TG3I63T SfR<£(r@d(SU6tfW(5$IE]QlLJ{5IT <3$<5h€ff&ftQuiT^<5uQ^lTlftlU6tit3(o8r 



The third step in this inquiry then shows that Karikdla 

 was the maternal grandfather of Senkuttuvan, who, I had 

 almost forgotten to say, is said to have occupied his throne 

 fifty years before Gaja Bahu visited him. 



It is thus shown on the authority of Kalingattupparani 

 that Karikdla was the alleged ancestor of Kulottunga Chola 

 Deva, whose reign began in 1063. It is further shown, on 

 the authority of Dr. Hultzsch, that he was an ancestor of 

 Vijaydlaya, who reigned circa 875 . And lastly, on the autho- 

 rity of the poems, poets, and commentators above cited, that 

 he was the maternal grandfather of Senkuttuvan, contem- 

 porary of that Gaja Bahu who reigned in Ceylonfrom 113-135. 



It may therefore be safely concluded that Karikdla, one 

 of the greatest of the Chola kings, lived prior to the second 

 century of the Christian era, and that the poem Porunardt- 

 tuppadai, addressed to him by Mudattdmakkanniydr, 

 belongs to the same period. f 



* A manuscript copy of which I have the pleasure of possessing, 

 f From internal evidence, such as the language, structure, &c, of the 

 poem, it can also be shown that it is very ancient. 



