No. 49.— 1898.] ceylon birds. 



159 



11 



9 



22 

 21 



20 



10 

 11 

 12 



13 

 14 

 15 



16 

 17 



18 



19 

 20 



21 



22 

 23 

 24 

 25 

 26 



27 



28 



29 



Hind neck black like crown... 

 Hind neck gray or ashy 

 Nostrils distant from forehead 

 less than quarter length of 

 bill; nasal bristles or plumes 

 short, never reaching to 

 middle of bill 

 Eyelids wattled 

 Head and neck chestnut 

 First primary never exceeding 

 half length of second, and 

 usually much less ; plumage 

 firm ; length of bill con- 

 siderably more than its 

 depth 



Head not crested ; tail rounded 



Lower plumage white; back 

 and rump ashy-gray 



Nostrils bare or merely over- 

 hung by a few hairs, or 

 plumelets ; rictal bristles 

 always present with twelve 

 tail feathers 



Inner and hind toe equal ... 



Sexes alike ; gregarious ; 

 extremely noisy ; legs and 

 feet large ; wings short and 

 rounded ; habits partly 

 terrestrial, partly arboreal ; 

 eggs generally blue or 

 white, unspotted 



Bill shorter than head, stout, 

 not strikingly curved 



Throat and breast dark brown 

 or black with ashy margins 



Tail ashy and brown ; 

 primaries edged paler 



Tail rufous ; primaries with- 

 out paler edges ... 



Throat faint rufous ; breast 

 dark rufous 



Bill as long or longer than 

 head ; slender and much 

 curved 



A white supercilium ; sides of 

 neck rufescent, matching 

 upper plumage 



Sexes alike ; solitary or in 

 small troops ; not noisy ; 

 legs and feet strong ; wing 

 short and rounded ; habits 

 skulking in bushes or on 

 the ground ; eggs generally 

 spotted ... 



Tail much shorter than wing 



1 C. macrorhynchus 



2 C. splendens 



Cissa 

 3 C. ornata 



Parinse 

 Par us 



4 P. atriceps 



— ... 85 



Crateropodidae ... 83 



Crateropodinse... 28 

 Crateropus ... 26 

 — • ... 25 



5 C. striatus 



6 C. rufescens 



7 C. cinereifrons 



Pomatorhinus 



8 P. melanurus 



Timeliinas ... 39 

 — ... 34 



