172 



JOURNAL, R.A.S. (CEYLON). [T 0L - XV * 



311 



319 



3 



318 



319 

 320 

 321 

 322 

 323 



324 

 325 



326 



324 ... 327 



328 

 329 



328 ... 330 



331 

 332 



2 ... 333 



Anthus 



A. richardi 

 A. striolatus 

 A. rufulus 



Alaudidae 



107 



106 



Mirafra 

 Mirafra affinis 



Alauda 



A. gulgula 

 Pyrrhulauda 

 P. grisea $ 



334 ... 



335 ... 



336 ... 



337 ... 



338 ... 



339 ... 



340 ... 



341 ... 



342 ... 



343 ... 



344 ... 



345 ... 



346 ... 



347 ... 



348 ... 



349 ... 



Upper plumage streaked or 



mottled ... 

 Wing 3-5 in. or more 

 Tarsus 1*2 to 1-3 in. ... 103 



Tarsus 1 to 1*1 in. ... 104 



Wing about 3 in. 105 

 The hinder part of the tarsus 



transversely scutellated ... 

 Ten primaries, the first minute 

 First primary large, consider- 

 ably exceeding the primary 



coverts ... 

 Inner web of outer tail 



feather dark brown 

 First primary very small, not 



exceeding the primary 



coverts ... 

 Hind claw long and straight 

 Small ; wing seldom exceeding 



3-5 in. 



Hind claw very short and curved 



Lower surface blackish ... 108 



Lower plumage pale rufous 

 or whitish 



Both mandibles finely and 

 evenly serrated on the ter- 

 minal third of their edges 



Bill long, fine, cylindrical ; 

 ten primaries 



Sexes different ; plumage of 

 male in part metallic ; bill 

 slender ; nest pensile 



Covering membrane of nos- 

 tril bare ... 



Chin and throat dark colour- 

 ed and metallic 



Lower plumage below 

 breast dark coloured 



Abdomen snuff brown 



Abdomen violet black 



Lower plumage below 

 breast yellow 



Back crimson 



Upper tail coverts metallic red 

 Upper tail coverts metallic 

 purple 



Chin and throat pale-coloured 



and non-metallic 

 Bill from gape 1 in. or more 

 Bill from gape less than 1 in. 

 Rump and upper tail coverts 



red ... ... Ill A. minima ? 



Chin and throat ashy white ; 



remaining lower parts 



bright yellow 



322 



.. 327 



330 



108 P. grisea 9 



Nectariniidse... 350 



Nectariniinse 

 Arachnecthra 



the 



the 



109 

 110 



111 



112 



109 

 110 



A. lotenia<j 

 A. asiatica^ 



A. minima $ 

 A. zeylanica^ 



A. lotenia 

 A. asiatica 9 



112 A. zeylonica? 



