190 



JOURNAL, R.A.S. (CEYLON). [VOL. XV. 



8 See Wolfs, p. 108 ; Albrecht Herport, in his Oostindische Reizen 

 (Dutch ed., 1670) ; Cey. Lit. Reg., vol. I., p. 383, says the same. 



9 See Journ. R.A.S., C.B., vol. XL, No. 39, p. 352. In the Behnopte 

 Historie, p. 378, in speaking of certain elephants, it is said that the 

 voornmmde holbuiken (the aforesaid gluttons) would follow. 



10 Woodapple ; Sinhalese dimbul, or divul. 



11 Baker says that no less than 600 lb. of fodder is the proper 

 daily allowance for an elephant. 



12 Elephants are fed at about an hour before sunset and then taken 

 to drink water before actual night. 



13 Few animals suffer more from the sun's rays than the elephant, 

 whose nature, says Baker, prompts it to seek the deepest shade. 

 The distance which an elephant can travel a day is grossly under- 

 estimated. According to Baker, the African elephant is capable of a 

 speed of fifteen miles an hour, which it can keep up for two hundred 

 or three hundred yards, after which it would travel at about ten miles 

 an hour, and actually accomplish the distance within that period. 

 The Asiatic elephant might likewise attain a speed of fifteen miles for 

 perhaps a couple of hundred yards, but it would not travel at a 

 greater pace than eight miles an hour, and it would reduce that pace 

 to six after the first five miles. (Wild Beasts and their Ways, p. 2.) 



14 The displacement of an elephant's carcase is less than the 

 weight of water, although it swims so deeply immersed that it would 

 appear to float with difficulty. 



15 It is difficult, says Baker, to describe the limit of an elephant's 

 swimming powers ; this must depend upon many circumstances, 

 whether it is following the stream or otherwise, but the animal 

 can remain afloat for several hours without undue fatigue. 

 ( Wild Beasts and their Ways, p. 25.) 



16 jr or " Elephant Language " see articles by the annotator in the 

 Cey. Lit. Reg., vol. IV. 



17 Must is known among the Sinhalese as madda. The approach of 

 the " must " season is immediately perceived by the exudation, which 

 is of an oily nature, and somewhat resembles coal tar in consistence, 

 from a small duct on either temple. The " must " season varies 

 from two to four months. 



18 A liyd is the generic term for elephant. Eta (female, etini) is a tusker- 



19 See Wolfs, p. 116, to the same effect. 



20 Coraal : Kraal. — For sketches of kraals and capture of elephants 

 see Albrecht Herport (Dutch ed., 1670), p. 178 ; Baldceus (Ceylon ed. r 

 1672), p. 197 ; Valentyn (Ceylon), p. 46 ; Ribeyro (Lee's Trans.), p. 66 ; 

 Wolfs, p. 109. 



The following chronological list, which sets out the different kraals 

 that have been held in the Island in the nineteenth century as far as 



