NO. 59. — 1907.] PORTUGUESE IN CEYLON. 



339 



2 " Maldiva " is Male island, that being the name applied to it by 

 the early Portuguese writers (cf. infra, C2). "Quymdiquel" is Kendi- 

 ko]u in Miladummadulu Atol. The name is spelt " Camdicall " in a 

 letter of 30 December 1520, from Alvaro Fernandez to the king, printed 

 in Alguns Documentos ; and similarly in the map of India by Fernao 

 Vaz Dourado (circa 1570), reproduced in the Com. of Af. Dalb. ii. (see 

 also Gray and Bell's Pyrard ii. 437 and note). 



3 Negapatam probably (see supra, A 18, note 2 ). 



4 Cf. C 9. 



5 This intended visit was never carried out ; but at the beginning 

 of 1507 Manuel Pacanha was sent to the Coromandel coast with an 

 armada (see Bar. II. i. iv.). 



6 Cf. infra, C 22, note 29 . 



7 Advocates of the theory that Galle was the place at which Dom 

 Lourenco called might consider this an argument in their favour, since 

 at both Cananor and Galle the point on which the Portuguese erected 



fortress was to the left of ships entering the port, and not to the 

 right, as at Columbo. However, we must not take "as at Cananor" 

 to mean that the point in Ceylon occupied the same relative position 

 to the port as the one at Cananor did. 



8 In his instructions from the king Dom Francisco was commanded, 

 after he had returned from the Red Sea (an expedition he did not 

 accomplish), to proceed to Coulam and erect a fort there if the king of 

 that place gave his permission. The massacre of the Portuguese at 

 Coulam in October 1505 (see p. 293) of course prevented the fulfilment 

 of this order ; and the viceroy was opposed to making peace with the 

 raja on any conditions. In 1514, however, Albuquerque came to terms 

 with the queen of Coulam ; and a fortress was built there (in an under- 

 hand way, apparently) by Hector Rodrigues (see C 19, infra, and Cor. ii. 

 393-95, where a picture of the fortress is given). 



9 Cf. A 21, supra. 



10 The author of the Com. of Af. Dalb. (see A 16) makes the dis- 

 tance from Coulam to Ceylon " some eighty leagues," while the 

 anonymous writer of Calcoen (see All) puts it at " 1 miles." Most 

 of the earlier writers quoted in A give ridiculously exaggerated figures 

 for the distance between Calecut and Ceylon. The actual distance 

 from Cochin to Colombo is some 360 miles. Regarding the Portuguese 

 league, see the index to First Voy. of V. da Qama 245. 



11 The cross of Christus was what is termed a " cross pattee," 

 i.e., broadening out at the end of each limb. It is shown above the 

 royal arms of Portugal on the rock discovered in September 1898 near 

 the root of the Colombo Breakwater (see C. A. S. Jl. xvi. 17). 



12 The " device " was that of the sphere, as Cast, correctlv says (see 

 B 8). 



13 This padrdo seems to have been in almost all respects similar to 

 the one erected at Mombaga, as described by Cor. i. 559, viz., " a 

 column of white marble and with its capital, and on the head of it the 

 escutcheons of arms of the same stone carved into certain royal cinques 

 (quinas), on the other side the escutcheon of the sphere, and on top 

 the cross of Christ ; and the column of the thickness of a thigh, and 

 two fathoms in height " (see plate facing p. 312). 



14 Who the unfortunate " clerk " was, and what he had done to 

 rouse the ire of " big " Lopo Chanoca, I do not know, as the facts here 

 recorded are passed over by the historians. 



15 The original has " elle," to show that it was not the viceroy 

 that was meant. 



16 On this see above, p. 312, note ^f. 



