N*0. 60. — 1908.] PORTUGUESE HISTORY OP CEYLON. 393 



We must now turn for a while to another part of Ceylon, 

 namely, the kingdom of Jaffna, of which we have not heard 

 since the ignominious flight therefrom of D. Constantino de 

 Braganga in 1560 1 . The ruler of this peninsula, probably 

 encouraged thereto by the troubles in which the Portuguese 

 were involved in the Kandyan territories and in the vicinity of 

 Columbo , rebelled against the suzerainty (actual or nominal) of 

 the Portuguese 2 . When, therefore, Mathias de Albuquerque 

 returned to India in May 1591 as viceroy, one of the first 

 matters to engage his attention was the punishment of this 

 rebel king. Accordingly, on 15 August 1591, the famous 

 captain Andre Furtado de Mendoga 3 sailed with an armada of 

 twenty foists for Ceylon, making first for the " river of Car diva" 

 (Portugal Bay), where he destroyed the fleet of Cotimusa, 

 captain of the samuri, who had shortly before captured and 

 burnt a Portuguese ship coming from China under the com- 

 mand of Pedro Lopes de Sousa 4 . Thence he proceeded to 

 Mannar, where he was joined by Cosmo de Lafetar, whom the 

 viceroy had dispatched with two ships for the relief of Kandy, 

 with orders to Andre Furtado to furnish him with the necessary 

 troops 5 . The combined Portuguese forces, assisted by some 

 five thousand Christian Paravas who had fled to Mannar 

 from the tyranny of the nayak of Madura, marched on Jaffna, 

 and completely defeated the king, who was killed in the conflict, 

 together with the hereditary prince, the commander-in-chief 

 of the army, and many nobles. Enormous booty of all kinds 



Lisbon he founded a convent or oratory in Telheiras, where he died 

 and was buried in 1642, aged 64, his monument and portrait being 

 still preserved there (see Doc. Rem. i. 10, 106, ii. 239 ; Col. de Trat. i. 

 226 ; Ribeiro Fatal. Hist. i. ix. , and Le Grand's trans. ; C. A. S. Jl. 

 xi. 591 ; Hist. Seraf. vi. 609-12 ; but especially the valuable papers 

 by the eminent scholar Dr. Sousa Viterbo, printed in the Arch. Hist. 

 Port. ii. and iii., entitled Relagoes de Portugal com alguns Potentados 

 Africanos e Asiaticos and D. Jodo Principe de Candia). 



1 See supra, p. 201, and cf. p. 260, note 2 . 



2 For the details here given I am indebted to the manuscript Vida de 

 Mathias de Albuquerque I. xix. (see also Faria y Sousa, Asia Port. 

 III. i. viii., and C. A. S. Jl. xi. 515). 



3 Afterwards governor of India for three months (1609). 



4 Of whom we shall hear later (see p. 399 et seq.). 



5 This probably explains the error referred to in note 1 on p. 391. 



