160 



JOURNAL, R.A.S. (CEYLON). [VOL. XXI. 



The sound of the gutturals originates in the throat ; palatals 

 in the palate ; linguals in the middle palate ; dentals in the 

 teeth ; labials in the lips ; gutturo -palatals in the throat and 

 palate ; gutturo -labials in the throat and lips ; dento-labials 

 in the teeth and lips. 



The following are the gana, eight in number. I quote from 

 the work of Bhadra Thero. 



They are the Mahi-gana, Dewa-gana, Chandra-gana, Ravi- 

 gana, Wdyu-gana, Jala-gana, Agni-gana, and Akdsa-gana. 



1. Magana or Mahi-gana (molossus), meaning the earth, 

 has three guru, thus : ©<j g«f *no. 



2. Nagana or Dewa-gana (tribrach), meaning godly, has 

 three lagu, thus : _® 



3. Bagana or Chandra-gana (dactyl), meaning moon, 

 begins with a guru and has two lagu at the end, thus : ®d * 



4. Jagana or Ravi-gana (amphibrach), meaning a sun, 

 begins with a %w and ends with a Zagw, and there is a gww 

 in the middle, thus : 9 



5. Bagana or Wdyu-gana (anapaest), meaning air, has two 



lagu for the first and second " instants " and a guru for the 



third, thus : ^ ^ 



— - <— /"~\ 



6. Yagana or Jala-gana (bachic), meaning water, begins 

 with a and ends with two guru, thus : 



7. Ragana or Agni-gana (cretic), meaning fire, begins and 

 ends with a guru at each end, and has a Zagrc* in the middle, 

 thus : ®d _ss 65. 



8. Thagana or Akdsa-gana (antibachic), meaning sky, is 

 formed of two guru for the first and second instants and ends 

 with a lagu, thus : ®d *9 ^. 



The 1st has 3 long sounds in this order, X X i> stants - 



The 2nd has 3 short sounds in this order, 



The 3rd has 1 long and 2 short sounds in this order, ^ 



The 4th has 2 short and 1 long sound in this order, — ^ ~ 

 The 5th has 2 short and 1 long sound in this order, — — 

 The 6th has 2 long and 1 short sound in this order, — ^ ^ 

 The 7th has 2 long and 1 short sound in this order, ^ — ^ 

 The 8th has 2 long and 1 short sound in this order, ^ ^ — 



