162 JOURNAL, R.A.S. (CEYLON). [VOL. XXI- 



It is said in mythological books as well as in tdla-pot that 

 the Gdndharvas introduced music to the world, and that 

 Narada Muni, a son of Brahma, made the first musical instru- 

 ment, the vind. Odndharva means a heavenly chorister, as 

 well as singing, and Gandara one of the seven primary notes 

 of music. Pancha Sika is said to be the chief of the band of 

 those merry celestial musicians who inhabit (with others, of 

 course) the lowest of the six divyaloka (heavens) , by name the 

 Chdturmahdrdjikd divyaloka. 



The image of Pancha Sika is to be seen in some of the 

 vihara armed with a vind and attended by his hosts of musi- 

 cians, each carrying a musical instrument different from the 

 others. The Marugano, the daughters of the Mdradivyaputta, 

 are said to be the cleverest of the celestial musicians, so much 

 so that as a last resort their father sent them to prevent 

 Sdkya-Muni from attaining Buddhahood at the foot of the 

 sacred Bodhi, by winning him over by an exhibition of their 

 irresistibly enchanting dancing and singing. 



APPENDIX 



Music. — •" The science and the art of tones or musical sounds, 

 i.e., sounds of higher or lower pitch, begotten of uniform and 

 synchronous vibrations, as of a string at various degrees of 

 tension ; the science of harmonical tones which treats of the 

 principles of harmony, or the properties, dependencies, and 

 relations of tones to each other ; the art of combining tones in 

 a manner to please the ear. Not all sounds are tones. Sounds 

 may be unmusical and yet please the ear. Music deals with tones, 

 and with no other sounds." 



Music is also (a) " melody ; a rhythmical and otherwise agree- 

 able succession of tones. (6) Harmony ; an accordant combi- 

 nation of simultaneous tones." 



Tone. — " The sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound 

 considered of this or that character ; as a low, high, loud, grave, 

 acute, sweet, or harsh tone. A stretching, straining, raising 

 of the voice, pitch, accent, measure, or meter." 



Accent. — " Inflection or modulation of the voice as adapted 

 to express emotion or passion. A sound considered as to pitch &c. 



Tune. — " A rhythmical, melodious, symmetrical series of 

 tones for one voice or instrument , or for any number of voices or 

 instruments in unison, or two or more of such series forming part 



