44 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. VII., No. 153 



temporary, thus displaying the general caste of 

 mind as well as the transient emotion by which 

 the individual is excited. The subject thus de- 

 veloped by the author becomes quite extensive, 

 and is exceedingly interesting. By studying it in 

 animals and infants, in whom the higher mental 

 control which often modifies involuntary changes 

 of expression in adults is absent, by showing its 

 practical application in enabling one to read char- 

 acter, and by drawing from the realms of art as 

 well as nature for his illustrations, Dr. Warner 

 has succeeded in bringing together an entertain- 

 ing series of facts, and deducing from them some 

 instructive conclusions. We all believe that we 

 can detect the real feelings of others in their faces, 

 and that we can successfully conceal from others 

 our own thoughts. How difficult both processes 

 may become, and yet how fully they repay some 

 study, the readers of this very pleasing work will 

 learn. 



In the last chapter the author describes an 

 ingenious piece of apparatus by means of which 

 the motions of the hand may be graphically 

 recorded in those diseases in winch irregular move- 

 ments occur. He has evidently made some study 

 of such affections, as the facts recorded in chapter 

 vii. show. How far such a chapter may be gener- 

 ally appreciated in a popular work is questionable, 

 as the terms employed would be intelligible only 

 to physicians. But the subject would have been 

 incomplete had the changes of expression incident 

 to disease not been alluded to. To those who are 

 curious to go into the subject more deeply than 

 is possible in a popular treatise, the bibliography on 

 pp. 344-346 will be of service. The work is fully 

 up to the high standard maintained in this series, 

 and is by no means the least interesting of the 

 volumes already published. M. A. S. 



REFORMS IN ENGLISH PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 



The public schools of which Mr. Cotterill writes 

 are British, not American, and his starting-point is 

 ahead of any thing that can be proposed as an im- 

 mediate goal in other countries, — ahead, at any 

 rate, in this, that English public schools already, as 

 a matter of fact, are nurseries of character quite as 

 much as institutions of learning. Mr. Cotterill's 

 suggestions are mostly in the line of character. 

 Health of character is for him the end of educa- 

 tion. He is down on competitive examinations of 

 a severe sort, would have a test of proficiency in 

 I km lily exercises introduced into those of the In- 

 dian civil service, believes in making out-door 

 exercise compulsory on all boys three days in the 



Suggested reform* in public schools. By C. C. OOTTBBILL, 

 M.A. Edinburgh and London, Blackwood, 1HH5. 12°. 



week, each boy ' changing hito his flannels ' for 

 the purpose, would restrict the 'tuck-shop' facili- 

 ties the boys now have, and disbelieves in giving 

 them too much help, whether intellectual or physi- 

 cal. Translations, and aid from the teacher beyond 

 a certain point, are in Ins eyes equally bad ; and 

 the boys ought to prepare their own cricket- 

 grounds, and take care of their own play, with 

 less professional aid than they now appear to get 

 in the larger schools. He believes in ' manual 

 training ' thoroughly, for a variety of reasons, not 

 least among which is that it widens sympathy 

 among classes. The book is a refreshing example 

 of the sort of spirit the English public schools, 

 even in their present ' unref ormed ' condition, 

 engender, and increases the reader's desire to see 

 them imitated here on a larger scale than hereto- 

 fore. 



The government of Tasmania are, according to 

 Nature, making arrangements upon a large scale for 

 naturalizing lobsters, crabs, turbot, brill, and other 

 European fishes in the waters of that country. 

 The various consignments will be shipped at Plym- 

 outh, and transported through the medium of the 

 steamship companies trading between London and 

 Hobart. An exhaustive report has been published 

 by the Government of Tasmania, setting forth the 

 objects in view, and giving suggestions for carry- 

 ing them into effect. The report adds, that, while 

 the achievement of the acclimatization of Euro- 

 pean fishes would lay the foundation of new and 

 very valuable fishing industries in Tasmania, it 

 might also prove a higlily remunerative commer- 

 cial enterprise to the shipping firms under whose 

 auspices the operations will be conducted. Appli- 

 cations have been made in various quarters for 

 supplies of fish, which have been satisfactorily re- 

 sponded to. Special tanks are being prepared, as 

 well as apparatus, in order to provide for the 

 necessities of the fish en route, which, it is antici- 

 pated, can be transmitted with little difficulty. 

 The success that has hitherto attended the accli- 

 matization of certain European fishes in New Zea- 

 land has had the effect of inspiring the government 

 of that colony with considerable enterprise in de- 

 veloping their fisheries. They are now about to 

 collect the ova of Salmonidae from English waters 

 in large numbers through the instrumentality of 

 the National fish-culture association and other 

 bodies, with a view to rearing the fry in New 

 Zealand. A shipment of eggs will also shortly be 

 sent to Australia, where great success has attended 

 the introduction of our fishes, except in a few 

 instances, when failure resulted more from mis- 

 adventure than from the impracticability of the 

 attempt. 



