lS2 



HA RD WICKE' S SCIENCE- G OS SIP. 



CONCHOLOGICAL CRACKNELS. 

 By Joseph W. Williams. 



IT would be well that the attention of those who 

 wish for a uniform nomenclature should be drawn 

 to the following ; a nomenclature which may also be in 

 accordance with the most recent and, at the same 

 time, most approved taxonomic system. I crave no 

 pardon in placing, by means of a short article, the 

 following " Conchological Cracknels," as I call them, 

 before your readers, since in this country, as far as 

 land and fresh-water shells are concerned, no one 

 seems to trouble about the "law of priority," but 

 nearly everyone appears to deny its existence. 



1. Ought not Paluditia viripara (Linn.) to be P. 

 fasciata (Auct.)? 



2. Ought not Planorbis nitidus (Mull.) to be P. 

 fontanus (Lightfoot) ? 



3. Ought not Planorbis complanatus (Linn.) to be 

 P. marginatus (Drp.), or P. umbilicatus (Mull.), and, 

 if so, preferably the latter? 



4. Ought Physa hypnorum (Linn.) to be Aplecta 

 hypnorum ? 



5. Ought not Ancyus lacustris (Linn.) to be A. 

 oblongus (Lightfoot) ? 



6. Ought not our species of Zonites to be Hyalina 

 or Hyalinia ? 



7. Ought not Hyalina drapamaldi (Beck) to be 

 H. lucida (Drp.)? 



8. Ought not Pupa ringens (Jeff.) to be P. 

 anglica (Fer.) ? 



9. Ought not Pupa marginata (Drp.) to be P. 

 muscorum (Linn.) ? 



10. But lhave we such a species as Helix sericea 

 (Mull.) in our fauna? We have such a species as 

 Helix granulata (Alder.) ? 



11. Succinea virescens (Morelet) ; what of this? Is 

 it to be S. vitrea (Jeff.) ? 



12. Ought Helix hispida, var. depilata (Alder.) to 

 be H. depilata (Pfr.) — a separate species? 



13. Ought Helix eaperata, var. gigaxii (Charp.) to 

 be H. gigaxii (Charp.) — a separate species ? 



14. Ought ' Clausilia rugosa, var. dubia (Drp.) to be 

 considered a distinct species ? 



15. Ought not Achatina acicula (Mull.) to be 

 Caeilianella acicula ? 



16. Ought Limncea Burnetii (Alder.) to be a 

 variety of Limncea peregra (Mull.) ? It is considered 

 a distinct species in the Natural History Museum at 

 South Kensington. Is this a case of species-splitting 

 by the "New School"? 



17. Ought not Bulimus acutus (Mull.) to be 

 relegated to the genus Helix and to its sub-genus 

 Cocklicella, and be evermore known as Helix ( Cochli- 

 cella) acuta ? 



18. Is Hartmann's var. rustiea of Helix pomatia 

 distinct from the type ? If so, how much ? 



19. Porro described a var. bruunea of Helix 

 pomatia. What about Gredler's var. piceaia ? 



20. Does Ulicny's var. radiata of Helix pomatia 

 differ from var. rustiea (Hartm.), or from the type? 



21. Is Helix ensarcosoma (Servain) the same Helix 

 pomatia, var. solitaria (Hazay) ? 



22. Moquin mentions a var. parva of Helix 

 pomatia. What about Westerlund's var. minor ? 



22A. What is the difference between Kobelt's var. 

 erjaveci of Helix nemoralis and Moquin's var. 

 i?itemipta ? Is there any difference ? 



23. Clessin describes a var. conoida of Helix 

 nemoralis, and in Tryon's " Structural and Systematic 

 Conchology " it is relegated to him. Ought it not to 

 be relegated to Jenner ? 



24. There is a variety of Helix nemoralis known as 

 var. ponderosa (Malm.). What about Ziegler's var. 

 lucifuga ? 



25. Poiret described a var. hybrida of Helix 

 hortensis with a pale reddish peristome and callus. 

 Is there, then, any need for us to keep Taylor's var. 



roseolabiata ? 



26. Westerlund has described a var. perforata of 

 Helix /wrtensis. What about Crowther's var. 



?imbilicata ? 



27. Westerlund has described a var. minor of 

 Helix arbustorum. What about var. minima (Pfr. ) ? 



28. Jeffreys mentions a var. major of the same 

 species. What about Clessin's var. excelsa ? 



29. Is Taylor's var. cincta of Helix arbustorum 

 anything else than type? 



30. Issel has described a var. Anconce of Helix 

 cantiana, with a peripheral white band. What about 

 Cockerell's var. albocincta ? 



31. Colbeau, in 1S66, described a white variety of 

 Helix cantiana, as var. alba. What about Taylor's 

 var. Albida ? 



32. Stabile described a var. leucoloma of Helix 

 cartusiana. What about Brandon's var. albolabiata ? 



33. How much does Locard's var. depressa of Helix 

 rufesccns differ from Studer's var. c&lata? 



34. Is there need for Lessona's var. vulgaris of 

 Helix hispida. Type ? 



35. Bouchard described a var. tessellata of Helix 

 virgata. What about Menke's var. monilifera ? 

 What about var. Mcesta (Parr) ? 



36. Gratel's var. albicans, Taylor's var. alba, and 

 a var. albida described by Westerlund ; all of Helix 

 virgata. What about these ? 



37. There is a var. alba (Charp.) of Helix erice- 

 torum. What about var. albella (Penn)i? 



.38. How much does Cockerell's var. subscalare of 

 Helix ericetorum differ from M. disjunctum as de- 

 scribed by Turton ? 



39. j Var. albida" (Westrl.), var. alba (Moq.), var. 

 pallida (Band.), and var. albina (Fer.), of Helix rotun- 

 data. What about these? 



40. What about var. alba (Req.), and var. albida 

 (Westrl.), of Helix acuta ? 



41. What about var. exigua (Menke), and var. 

 minor (Fischer), of Cochlicopa lubrica ? 



