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JOURNAL, R.A.S. (CEYLON). [VOL. XII. 



The same difficulties the ancient Ayras had to encounter in India. 

 A settlement of the name of Chola was made. The south, into which 

 Rama had made an expedition, and in one or two parts of which 

 colonies had been established, was not totally neglected. — Page 377. 



The kingdom of Pandyas, or the whites, flourished, exercising a 

 general civilising influence on the Turanians, imbuing their minds with 

 Aryan feelings and thoughts, and enlarging the forces of their 

 observation and knowledge by directing attention to the Aryas in the 

 north. The fertile and romantic banks of the Godaviri, the Kaveri, 

 and the Tambraparni proved too tempting not to attract numbers of 

 Aryan settlers. 



Again, at page 382, he writes : — 



Aryan settlements in the south of India had also developed into 

 flourishing kingdoms. The settlements of Chola, Pandya, and Kerala 

 grew in prosperity and power. 



His authority for these statements is, I find to be, the 

 Mahdbhasya of Patanjali. 



Dr. Caldwell, in the introduction to his "Comparative 

 Grammar of the Dravidian Languages," page 81, says : — 



The immigration into Ceylon of Aryans from Magadha probably 

 took place about 550 B.C., or at least some time in the cqurse of that 

 century ; and I think we may safely agree that the Aryas, or the 

 Sanskrit-speaking inhabitants of Northern India, must have become 

 acquainted with and formed establishments in the Dekkan and 

 Coromandel coast ; and must have taken steps towards clearing the 

 Dandakaranya, or primitive forest of the peninsula, before they thought 

 of founding a colony in Ceylon. 



This conjecture of Dr. Caldwell appears to have been 

 made without an acquaintance with the Vishnu Purdna, 

 which is clear on this point. King Dasaratha had four sons, 

 Rama, Laksmana, Bharata, and Satrughna. We know that 

 Rama and Laksmana conquered Lanka. Of Bharata and 

 Satrughna the Vishnu Purdna says (book IV., chapter IX., 

 p. 385), Bharata made himself master of the country of 

 Gandharbas, after destroying vast numbers of them, and 

 Satrughna, having killed the Rakshasa chief Lavana, the 

 son of Madhu, took possession of his capital Mathura. 



In note A, Mr. Nell remarks "that Dr. Caldwell says the 

 name Pandya is written in Tamil, Pandiya, but the complete 

 Tamilised form is Pandi." The entire passage, as I find 

 in Mudaliyar Wijesinha's translation of Mahdwansa, is as 

 follows : — 



The Sanskrit name, Panda, is written in Tamil, Pandiya, but the 

 more complete Tamilised form Pandi is still more commonly used all 

 over Southern India. I derive Pandiya, not from the Tamil and 

 Malayalam Pandu, "ancient," though that is a very tempting deriva- 

 tion, but from the Sanskrit Pandu, the name of the father of the five 



