AVIFAUNA OF LAYSAN. 



35 



16. GYGIS ALBA [Sparrm). 



WHITE TERN. 



Sterna alba, Sparrm. Museum Carlsonianum, ii. fasc. i. no. 11 (1786) (Diagn. Sterna toto alba, rostro pcdi- 

 busque nigris) (Hab. India, ad caput bona; spei, et in ins. maris australis); 6m. Syst Nat. i. p. 607 (ex 

 Sparrm.) j Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 808; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 623 (18,31) ; Forst. Dcscr. An. p. 179 (cd. Licht, 

 1844); Peale, U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 389 (1848); Hartl. Wiegm. Arch. f. Naturg. 1852, p. 120; ScMeg. 

 Mils. P.-B., Sterna, p. 35 (18G3) ; Schleg. & Poll. Rech. Faune Madagascar, ii. p. 150 (18G8). 



Gygis alba, Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 389 (1858) ; Blasius, J. f. O. 1866, p. 73 ; Hartl. P. Z. S. 18(37, p. 382 ; 

 Finsch & Hartl. Orn. Ccntralpolyncs. p. 232 (18G7) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 9 & 118 (Pelew Islands) j 

 Dole, Proc, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1869, p. 306 (Sandwich Is.) ; Finsch & Hartl. J. f. O. 1870, pp. 122 & 

 140 (Tonga Islands) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 32 (Barotonga) ; iid. op. cit. 1872, p. 114 (Pclcw Is. and Uap) ; 

 Finsch, J. f. O. 1872, p. 56 (Upolu, Samoa) ; id. Journ. Mus. Godeffr. 1875 (viii.), p. 43 (Pelew Is.) ; id. 

 op. cit. 1876 (xii.), p. 40; id. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 776 & 786; Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 30 (Viti Lcvu) ; id. 

 P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 497 & 504 ; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 393 (distribntion of Fijian B.) ; Hartl. Vog. Madagascar*, 

 p. 389 (1877) ; Streets, American Naturalist, 1877, p. 70 (Palmyra, Fannings Group) ; id. Bull. U.S. Nat. 

 Mus. 1877, p. 28 ; Hume, Stray Feath. vii. p. 447 (1878) (Bay of Bengal, Leyden Mus., from Dussumier) ; 

 Finsch, J. f. O. 1880, pp. 295, 309 (Ponape, Kuschai) ; id. Ibis, 1881, pp. 105, 109, 115, 246 (Kushai, 

 Ponape, and Nawodo) ; id. Mitth. orn. Ver. Wien, 1884, p. 125 ; "Wiglcsw. Abh. u. Bcr. Mus. Dresd. (Av. 

 Polyncs.) 1890-91, p. 78 (1892). 



White Tern, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. p. 363, no. 17. 



Sterna Candida, 6m. Syst. Nat. i. p. 607 (ex Latham) [Hab. ins. nativit. Christi, aliisque maris australis; visa 

 quoque in ins. S. Hclenae ; an vere distincta ab alba spec.?). 



Gygis Candida, Wagl. Isis, 1832, p. 1232 (genus Gygis established); Gray, List Laridae, p. 180 (1814) ; id. 

 Gen. B. iii. p. 660; Gould, B. Austr. vii. pi. 30 (1848) ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, pp. 169, 170; Kittl. Reise, i. 

 p. 382 (1858), ii. pp. 39, 60 (Ualan), 452 (St. Helena; Kittl. believes those from St. Helena are different 

 from those from the Carolines); Gray, B. Tropical Is. p. 59; Pclz. lleisc Novara, Vog. p. 155 (18(55); 

 Saund. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 667, 1877, p. 797; Milne-Edw. & Grand. Madagascar, p. 660 (1879) ; Finsch, Ibis, 

 1880, pp. 220 (Taluit), 330, 431, 434 (Marshall and Gilbert Is.) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1881, p. 251 (.Marquesas) ; 

 Saund. Voy. ' Challeng/ ii. p. 136 (1881) (Ascension and Tahiti) ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, iii. p. 452 (1882) 

 (doubtful New Guinea) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1883, p. 48 ; MacFarlane, ibid. 1887, pp. 211 & 213 ; Buller, B. New 

 Zealand, 2nd cd. ii. p. 338 (1888) (Kermadec Is.) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 10 (1889) ; Lister, P. Z. S. 

 1891, p. 297. 



Sterna nivea, F. Bennett, Whaling Voy. i. p. 370 (1840) (Caroline Islands south of Equator, west of 

 Marquesas) . 



Gygis alba, Candida (ct ? napoleonis), Bp. Compt. Rend. 1856, p. 773. 



"Eki-aki," schneeweissc Sccschwalbc, Graffe, J. f. O. 1870, p. 410 (Tongatabu, interesting account of habits), 



p. 403 (is stated that Ehi-abi is Gygis alba (Sparrm.)). 

 Gygis alba kittlitzi, Hartert, Kat. Vogels. Mus. Senckcnb. p. 237. (The form from the Carolines (Ulea) has 



been distinguished subspceifically from the Australian one.) 



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