iv 



PKEFACE. 



and also Messrs. P. Spencer, Gay, Robinson, Damon, the Hon. C. Bishop, Mr. Meyer, 

 Brother Matthias, Mr. Johnston, and many other residents on the Hawaiian Islands, who 

 assisted Palmer most generously and courteously. 



I also wish to thank Mr. Ernst Hartert for his assistance. He has taken great interest 

 in the work from its commencement, and has helped me a great deal, especially with the 

 synonymy and introductory chapters. 



It will he seen that I have only used trinomials in a very few cases, where they are 

 generally adopted by ornithologists. I have not in this work used them for the forms 

 representing each other in the various Hawaiian Islands. As there are not, as a rule, 

 many very similar species in the same islands, the question did not seem to be so highly 

 important in this case, and as I did not begin to use trinomials in the first parts, I thought 

 it better, for the sake of uniformity, not to introduce them more than necessary into the 

 last part, although in future some of the forms (of Chlorodrepanis and Loxops especially) 

 will probably with more right be degraded to the rank of subspecies. 



Descriptions and full synonymies are, as a rule, only given of those birds which are 

 resident and breed in the Hawaiian Possessions. 



