(Di.) 20 



AVIFAUNA OF LAY SAN, ETC. 



them, and in the thirteenth month might find one, and this applies especially to Aklaloas 99 

 [Homignathus and Heterorhynchus. — W. B.]. 



I believe this remark of Palmer to be very just, especially as it is conspicuously 

 illustrated by the Loxops rufa, of which one single specimen only was obtained, while neither 

 Wilson nor Perkins have found it. 



As to the Psittirostra, Palmer says he firmly believes it no longer exists on Oahu at 

 present, for this is a very conspicuous bird, generally easily seen in the guava-trees in the 

 gardens, and it is not so much an inhabitant of the higher elevations and lonely forest as the 

 " Akialoas " are. Moreover, Palmer says this bird is slow of movement and less shy, so it 

 falls a much easier prey to all sorts of enemies. On Lanai, however, where really there 

 appears to be less food and much fewer of suitable localities for it, the " Ou " is still 

 common enough. 



On the 15th of June, 1893, Palmer landed again on 



KAUAI. 



It was at my special request that he went to this island once more, to clear up a few points. 



On the coasts Palmer noticed that the " Foreign Ducks " and " Plovers 99 had already 

 left the island, for they are merely winter visitors. 



On June 16th Palmer went to the forest again, and in his diary the following remark 

 occurs : — " Once more amongst the forest and its feathered tribe ! What a striking contrast 

 from Oahu ! Everywhere here the trees appear to be alive with birds. The noise of their 

 various songs was quite deafening this afternoon. The ' boom ' of the ' O-o ' (Moho 

 braccata) and the powerful song of the < Kamao ' (Phceornis myiadestina, Stejn.) were very 

 noticeable above the others. A decided difference I can hear between this ' Kamao's ' som»* 

 and its near ally's on Hawaii (Phceomis obscura, Gm.). It strikes me My nabs are much 

 more numerous than during my first stay on Kauai, and on places where I am sure I did not 

 see any before." 



Palmer stayed on Kauai until July 12th, and shot two young specimens of the rare 

 Thwornis palmeri, but nothing else of special interest. He lost some days through a severe 

 cold, and was not able to collect in the district of Hanalei on account of a company of Lepers 

 having retreated to those hills. These were, according to the law of separation, ordered to 

 go to the Lepers' home on Molokai, but had refused, and shot several men who tried to force 

 them away. Martial law was then proclaimed in the Districts of Waimea and Hanalei, and 

 soldiers ordered from Honolulu to fight against the murderers. No one was allowed to leave 

 the low lands, and of course collecting could not be carried on there. 



On the 15th of July Palmer landed on the island of 



NIIHAU. 



Niihau (Oneeow or Oneeheow) lies 17J miles W.S.W. of Kauai. It is about 15 miles 

 long and 2 to 7 miles broad. The eastern side is rocky and unfit for cultivation, nor is there 

 any anchorage on it. It is comparatively low and destitute of wood, with the exception of 

 carefully cultivated fruit-trees. 



In olden times Niihau was famous for its yams, fruits, and mats, and was the property 



