AVIFAUNA OF LAYSAN, ETC. 



143 



29. HIMATIONE SANGUINEA (Om.). 



APAPANE. 



Crimson Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 739 (1782) (Sandwich Islands, Lcverian Museum). 

 ? Bird of a deep crimson colour, Cook, Voy. Pacific Ocean, ii. p. 227 (1784). 



Certhia sanguined, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 479 (1788) (based on Latham's Crimson Creeper); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. 



p. 290; Donndorff,Orn. Beytr. i. p. 643 (1794) ; Steph. in Shaw's Zool. viii. p. 231 (1812) ; Tiedemann, 



Anat. Naturg. Vog. ii. p. 431 (1814). 

 VHdorotaire cramoisi, Vieill. Ois. Dor. ii. p. 128, pi. lxvi. (1802). 

 Nectarinia sanguined, Cuv. Regne Anim. i. p. 410 (1817). 



he Pichion cramoisi, Petrodroma sanguinea, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 108 (1818) (It is curious that Vieillot 

 should give Tanna as the habitat— an island south of Erromanga, New Hebrides ! the quotations and 

 description of Vieillot, however, make it clear that he referred to our present bird) ; id. Enc. Meth. 

 p. 621 (1823). 



Nectarinia byronensis, Bloxam, Voy. f Blonde/ p. 249 (1826). 



Drepanis bijronensis, Gray in Griffith, Anim. Kingd. p. 390 & pi. (1829) ; id. Zool. Miscell. p. 12 (1831). 

 Myzomela? sanguinea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 118 (1816). 



Drepanis sanguinea, Hartl. Syst. Verz. Mus. Bremen, p. 16 (1844) (teste Wils. & Evans) ; id. Arch. f. Naturg- 

 1852, p. 131 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 96 (1847) (excl. synonyms, in which is included Certhia virens, Gmel., 

 Nectarinia flava, Bloxam, and Phyllornis tonganensis, Less.) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 404 (excl. synonyms) 

 (1850); Licht. Nomencl. p. 55 (1854); Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. Mamm. & Orn. p. 439 (1858); Dole, 

 Proc. Boston N. H. Soc. xii. p. 297 (1869) (Hawaii, Kauai); id. Hawaiian Almanac, 1879, p. 44; Scl. 

 P.Z. S. 1878, p. 347; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 92; Einsch, Ibis, 1880, pp. 79, 80 (Maui : sexes alike). 



Himatione sanguinea, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 99 (1851) ; Reichb. Handb. spec. Orn. p. 255, partim, pi. 612. 

 fig. 3834 (1853) ; Scl. Ibis, 1871, p. 360; Pelz. J. f. O. 1872, p. 27 (spec, from Enero, Oahu ; descript- 

 & measurements: from the size and form of bill, von Pelzeln was inclined to consider Certhia virens 

 [Chlorodrepanis virens of modern orn.] the young bird of H. sanguinea) ; Sundev. Tent. p. 48 (1872) ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. x. p. 8 (1885) ; Stejn. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, p. 95 (Kauai) ; Wilson, Ibis, 1890, 

 p. 183; id. & Evans, Aves Hawaiienses, pt. ii., plate & text (1891) ; iid. in Introd. p. xxi, fig. of nest 

 (1899) ; Gadow, Aves Hawaiienses, pt. ii. p. 13, pi. iii. figs. 40, 41 (1891) ; Rothsch. Avif. Laysan etc., 

 pt. i. pi. 1 (August 1893). 



Drepanis [Himatione) sanguinea, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Is. p. 8 (1859) (excl. about half of the synonyms : 

 Gray erroneously supposed that the green Chtorodrepanes were the females of the red Himatione) • 

 id. Hand-1. i. p. 113 (1869). 



Adult male. Above of a dark blood-red crimson, lighter and much brighter on the head. 

 Underparts deep crimson, shading into brownish white or white on the lower abdomen 

 and under tail-coverts. Thighs brownish black. Primaries black, the longer ones with 

 a narrow but distinct outer edge of white or whitish. Secondaries black, most of 



