AVIFAUNA OF LAYSAJV, ETC. 



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56. PENNULA SAND WICHENSIS (Gm.) 



? "Rail with very short icings and no tail, which, on that account, we named Rallus ecaudotus," King in Voy. 



Pacif. Ocean (Cook's last), iii. p. 119 (1784). 

 Sandwich Rail, Latham, don. Synops. 13. iii. p. 237 (Sandwich Is., also Tanna, Sir Joseph Banks) (1785). 

 Ralhs sandwichensis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 717 (1788); Tiedemann, Anat. Naturg. V<5g. ii. p. 434 (1814) ; 



Vieill. Nouv. Diet, d'Hist. Nat. ed. 2, xxii. p. 564 (1817) ; id. Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn. p. 10G9 (1823). 

 Rallies sanduicensis, Latham, Ind. Orn. p. 759 (1790). 



Zapornia sandwichensis, Reichenb. Handb. spec. Orn., Rasores, pi. cix. figs. 1184, 1185 (1846). 

 Corethrura sandwichensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. B. iii. p. 595 (1846). 

 Ortygometra^ sandwichensis, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isls. p. 52 (1859). 

 Crex sandwichensis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B., Ralli, p. 25 (1865). 



Ortygometra sandvicensis, Dole, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. xii. p. 302 (1869) j id. Hawaiian Alman. 1879, p. 53 



fpartim — non descriptio !). 

 Rallus sandvichensis, Hartl. Abhandl. naturw. Ver. Bremen, xii. p. 397 (1892). 



Pennula sandwichensis, Hartl. Abhandl. natnrw. Ver. Bremen, xiv. p. 30 (1895) ; Hartl. Beitr. z. Gesch. 

 ausgest. Vog. 2 te Ausg. (« als MS. gedruekt") p. 40 (1896) j Stone, Proc. Acad. N. Sc. Philad. 1894, 

 p. 147; Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, i. p. xx (1892) (Pennula ecaudata and P. sandwichensis believed 

 to be identical) • Hartl. t. c. p. xxiv (P. ecaudata with uniform notaeum different from P. sandwichensis 

 with largely spotted notseum !) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. p. 336 (1894) ; Wilson & Evans, Aves 

 Hawaiiens. pt. vii. text and two plates (one sub nomine P. ivilsoni). 



Pennula wilsoni, Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus. xx. p. 77 (1898) ; Wilson & Evans, Aves Hawaiiens. pt. vii. 

 text & plate (1899). 



? Dusky Rail, Latham, Gen. Synops. B. iii. p. 237 (1785) (Sandwich Islands, Mus. Lever. — Upperside streaked 



with black, therefore not to be identified with P. mills/). 

 ? Rallus obscurus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 718 (1788); Latham, Ind. Orn. p. 759 (1790) ; DonndorfF, Orn. 



Beytr. i. p. 1151 (1794) ; A. Newton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 5 (probably identical with Pennula 



millsi) ; Tiedemann, Anat. Naturg. Vog. ii. p. 434 (1814). 

 ? Ortygometra obscura, Dole, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 302 (1869) ; id. Hawaiian Alman. 1879, p. 53. 



Description of the only known example in the Leyden Museum by Sharpe :— 

 " Adult (type of speeies). General colour above ruddy brown with blackish centres to the 

 feathers, producing a broadly striped appearance ; wing-coverts like the back and 

 very much elongated; quills blackish, with rusty-brown edges; tail-feathers blackish, 

 completely hidden by the long feathers of the rump ; head more uniform brown, with a 

 ruddy tinge ; sides of face like the head ; throat and under surface of body dark vinous 

 red, a little paler on the latter. Total length 5 3 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 2 8, tail 07, 

 tarsus 1'3, middle toe and claw 1-35. (Mus. Lugd.) " 



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