THE FERN BULLETIN 



101 



several of its alies, its thick epidermis and scaly 

 rootstock enable it to retain its moisture for a long- 

 while and endure considerable drouths unharmed. Om 

 illustration is natural size. 



FERNS OF THE UPPER SUSQUEHANNA VALLEY. 



By George T. Cleveland. 



When Mr. Willard N. Clute published his "Ferns of 

 the Upper Susquehanna Valley" he gave the least at- 

 tention to the region extending from Binghamton. 

 Broome County, to the true headquarters of the Sus- 

 quehanna, surrounding Otsego Lake. This region 

 comprises a strip of country approximately 170 miles 

 in length, with a width of from one to thirty miles, in- 

 cluding of course the watershed and smaller tributary 

 streams. This region consists mainly of rolling hills 

 having an average elevation of 1G00 ft., reaching in a 

 few places to nearly 3000. The country north of the 

 Susquehana River itself is mainly composed of valleys 

 and ranges of hills running in a north and south di- 

 rection, while the southern side consists of two or three 

 nearly parallel valleys running approximately east and 

 west, namely the Ouleout, Charlotte and Schenevus 

 creek valleys, divided by hills about 2500 ft. in height, 

 lying in the southern half of Otsego County and the 

 northern edge of Delaware. 



The rock formation is of sandstone and shales be- 

 longing to the Oneonta, Ithaca and Catskill groups, the 

 latter not reaching north of the river. This part of 

 Xew York state shows the action of glacial ice as evi- 

 denced by numerous glacial lakes, striations, drift and 

 a few traces of moraines. The summit of Rock Hill 

 and Catamount Mountain, at Oneonta, and Mt. Inde- 



