PINE FAMILY. 



23 



Throughout the entire length of the Coast Ranges, and occasional 

 in the Sierras. Mt. St. Helena, Jepaon; Moraga Valley, Davy; and the 

 Santa Cruz Mountains. The cones persist for very many years, form 

 ing circles on the trunks from near the base to the summit; even 

 young trees only a few feet high are often full of cones. The seed- 

 are seldom liberated except when the cones are partially burned in a 

 forest fire. It is very interesting that a burned forest of the Knob- 

 Cone Pine is promptly ivsown with its own seed. 



7. P. muricata Don. Bishop Pink. Middle-sized tree, 25 to 40 

 ft. high, with the trunk 1 to 2 ft. in diameter; leaves with serrulate 

 edges, 3 to 4 in. long; sheaths 6 lines, or at least only 2 lines long; 

 cones 1£ to commonly 2£ or even 3 in. long, the length not greatly in 

 excess of the diameter; scales oblong, scarcely or not at all widened 

 above; prickles short and stout, 1 line long, or the scales terminating 

 in very stout, straight, somewhat incurved spurs, 4 lines long; seeds 

 2£ to 3 lines long, black; wing lines long, 2\ lines wide, widest 

 above the middle; cotyledons 4 or 5. 



Swamps or wind-beaten hills, near the sea; Santa Lucia Mountains 

 northward to Sonoma and Mendocino Cos. A very fine forest may 

 be found on Point Reyes, within a few miles of Olema. In the 

 peat-bogs of Sonoma Co., the species reaches its most vigorous devel- 

 opment, the trees in that locality attaining a height of 80 to 150 ft. 

 The cones persist for a vejy lengthened period, — often 20 to 40 years, 

 not releasing the seeds for many seasons, thus providing a most 

 effective system of storage. A patulous or flattened crown is very 

 characteristic of this pine and it has, also, the smallest cones of any 

 species within our limits. 



P. contorta Loud., Beach Pine or Scrub Pine, is frequent on the 

 Mendocino Coast from Pt. Arena northward, as a low tree, 5 to 20 ft. 

 high. It may be readily distinguished from P. muricata by its 

 shorter leaves (1 to \\ in. long, but also in pairs), and its much 

 narrower cones of about the same length. The var. Murrayana is the 

 Tamarack or Lodge-pole Pine of the High Sierras. 



4. SEQUOIA Endl. Redwood. 



Tall trees, with linear to ovate-lanceolate or triangular-acute alter- 

 nate leaves. Stamens numerous, anther cells 2 to 5. Scales of the 

 fertile ament more numerous than those of the staminate, spirally 

 arranged with 3 to 7 ovules at the base of each scale, in fruit forming 

 a woody cone which matures the second year; scales divergent at right 

 angles to the axis, thick and cuneate, with a rhomboidal rugose 

 umbilicate apex. (Said to be named for a celebrated Cherokee 

 Indian, who invented an alphabet for his tribe.) 



1. S. sempervirens Endl. Coast Redwood. Trees 50 to 300 

 ft. in height and 3 to 12 ft. in diameter; leaves bright green, spread- 

 ing in 2 ranks, petiolate, acute, and often pungent, 4 to 9 lines long 

 and 1 line wide; staminate flowers \\ to 3 lines long; cones elliptic- 

 globose, 9 to 12 lines long; scales abruptly widened and thickened 



