pondwep:d family. 



101 



4; stigmas depressed, sessile. Pistils after flowering becoming stalked. 

 (In honor of H. B. Ruppius, a German botanist.) 



1. R. maritima L. Plants 2 to 3 ft. long; leaves 2 to 3 in. long; 

 pistils ripening into hard ovoid nuts, which at maturity are £ to 1 j 

 lines long, and raised on stipes 1 to 12 lines long; fruiting peduncle 

 3 to fi lines long. 



Alkaline or brackish water: tidal canal ditches near Petaluma, 

 Davy; Byron Springs, Hansen; southward to Southern California. 

 June-Sept. 



3. ZANNICHELLIA Mich. 



Immersed branching plants. Leaves alternate or mostly opposite, 

 filiform but flat. Flowers monoecious, naked, sessile, usually both 

 kinds in the same axil. Staminate flower consisting of a single 

 stamen with a slender filament. Pistillate flowers 2 to 5 (usually 4), 

 borne in a cup-shaped involucre or spathe, the ovary flask-shaped 

 with broad hyaline stigma. Nutlet coriaceous, somewhat flattened, 

 beaked. (In honor of Zannichelli, a botanist of Venice.) 



1. Z. palustris L. Horned Pondweed. Fruit somewhat 

 incurved, occasionally more or less toothed on the back. 



Mt. Diablo region and southward. 



4. ZOSTERA L. 



Submerged maritime herbs with elongated and very narrow grass- 

 like radical leaves and inflorescences raised on peduncle-like stems. 

 Flowers monoecious, borne in 2 rows on the face of a flattened spadix 

 with or without small lateral appendages covering them in the bud 

 and closely invested by a protecting foliaceous spathe until an thesis. 

 Staminate flower of 1 stamen. Pistillate flower of 1 pistil. Fruit 

 ovoid, 1-seeded, indehiscent. (Greek zoster, a girdle or band, on 

 account of the ribbon-like leaves.) 



1. Z. marina L. Eel-grass. Grass-wrack. Leaves with long 

 sheathing bases, 3 to 7-nerved, 1 to 2 or 3 ft. long, 2 to 5 lines broad; 

 fruiting leaves jointed at base of spathe, which terminates with a 

 more or less elongated leaf-like summit; spadix 2 to 4 in. long, 10 to 

 20-fruited. 



Shoal waters of bays, especially on muddy bottoms. Tomales 

 Bav. 



5. PHYLLOSPADIX Hook. 

 Maritime aquatics closely related to the preceding, with elongated 

 narrowly-linear radical leaves from much branched creeping root- 

 stocks. Flowers dioecious, borne in 2 rows on the side of a flattened 

 spadix, with a lateral chartaceous appendage covering each flower in 

 the bud, the whole inflorescence enclosed by a spathe which is 

 produced beyond the spadix as a foliaceous prolongation. (Pistillate 

 spadices with rudimentary anther-cells.) Anthers sessile. Pistil 

 simple, with 2 stigmas; ovary sagittate-cordate, i. e., with two down- 

 wardly-produced horns at base, which in fruit are strongly developed 

 and bear on the inside deflexed bristles which serve to attach the 



