144 



CUPULIFERiE. 



summer surface with its low, broad heads of pale contorted branches 

 and dense dark foliage, gives them the appearance of incomparably 

 beautiful parks." The leaves fall in Mar. and Apr. The flowers 

 appear in late March or early Apr. First collected by one of the 

 ship's oflicers of the Malaspina Expedition, which visited Monterey in 

 1791. 



7. Q. Wislizenii A. DC. Live Oak. A tree 25 to 40 ft. high, 

 in the mountains a mere shrub 4 or 5 ft. high; leaves broadly oblong, 

 mostly acute at apex, varying to lanceolate, mostly 1 to H in. long, 

 entire, or serrate with spinulose teeth; calyx of staminate anient with 

 about 5 shallow lobes, these glabrous, except the ciliate margins; 

 stamens 6, sometimes 7 or 5; nut slender, oblong, or elongated- 

 conical, somewhat acute, 1 to in. long; cup turbinate or nearly 

 tubular, 6 lines deep; scales of the cup thin, with free tips, oblong, or 

 ovate, closely imbricated, mostly pubescent, or glabrous and the 

 innermost ciliate. 



Coast Range valleys and foothills, more particularly away from the 

 sea, usually reaching its best development along streams, in the 

 higher mountains reduced to a low shrub, and sometimes a half- 

 hearted associate of the shrubs of the chaparral. The aments from a 

 terminal bud or a cluster of buds are often so numerous and in such 

 profusion as to transform the appearance of the tree in April or May, 

 imparting to the crown a singularly soft and half-billowy yellow-green 

 appearance. First discovered by Fremont in the Sierra Nevada, but 

 described from specimens collected by Dr. F. A. Wislizenius, on the 

 American River. 



8. Q. Californica Cooper. Black Oak. Kellogg Oak. Tree 

 18 to 30 ft. high, taller than broad, the trunk dividing into 

 mostly erect branches; leaves when young white-tomentose be- 

 neath, more or less pubescent above, in age glabrate, dark-green 

 and shining above, yellowish-green below, or the tomentum on the 

 lower surface persisting, oblong or elliptic to broadly obovate in 

 outline, parted by sinuses into 5 to 7 lobes, these repand-dentate at 

 apex, with bristle-pointed teeth, or entire, 2£ to 4 or 7 in. long; 

 staminate aments 2 to 3 in. long, the calyx 5 (or 4)-lobed with the 

 lobes hairy-pubescent on the outside; stamens 5 to 7, anthers at first 

 bright-red, on dehiscence yellow; pistillate flowers in the upper axils 

 of the young shoots, 2 flowers in a cluster; acorn solitary; nut 

 broadly oblong, obtuse, 1 in. long; cup deeply hemispherical with 

 lanceolate or broadly-ovate thin nearly glabrous scales. — (Q. Kelloggii 

 Newberry.) 



A common tree in the foothills and valleys of western middle 

 California or occasionally met with (and usually in a small form) on 

 high montane ridges. Mar. First discovered by Hartweg near 

 Sonoma in 184G. The leaves in some cases are sparingty-lobed or 

 toothed or almost entire. The young leaves are often conspicuously 

 dark-red or purple. In some instances the scales at base of cup are 

 tuberculate. 



li. Q. densiflora II. & A. Tan-bark Oak. Becoming a large 



