232 



YIOLACE.E. 



3. V. purpurea Kell. Mountain Violet. Plants 3 to 6 in. 

 high; the stems very short and densely tufted, from a stout vertical 

 root, the young herbage hirsutulous-canescent; leaves rhombic-ovate 

 or oblong (1 or 2 frequently nearly round), dentate or crenate or 

 sometimes nearly entire, f to 1\ in. long, on petioles 1 to 3 in. long; 

 peduncles surpassing the leaves, 2 to 4 in. long; petals yellow, 

 brownish on the outside. 



Coast Range peaks and high mountain ridges: Loma Prieta, Davy; 

 Mt. Diablo, Brewer; Caux s Knob (west of St. Helena), Jepson; 

 Howell Mountain (lower petal twice or almost twice as broad as the 

 others, truncate or slightly ret use, standing alone, the other 4 

 turned upward: lateral petals with a short bearded spot at base: 

 lateral and lower petals with purple lines at base). Mar.-Apr. 



4. V. pedunculata T. & &. Yellow Pansy. Short-caulescent, 

 the stem 2 to 6 in. high and ascending, from a thick deep-seated 

 rootstock; leaves round-ovate, usually with truncate base, coarsely 

 crenate, J to \\ in. long; petioles 1 to 2 in. long; stipules foliaceous, 

 narrowly lanceolate, uppermost often sparingly incised; flowers large, 

 1 in. broad, on erect peduncles (4 to 5 in. long) much surpassing the 

 leaves; petals golden yellow, the upper petals dark brown on the 

 outside, the others purple-veined within; lateral petals bearded; 

 stigma bearded; ovary and capsule glabrous, the latter broadly 

 oblong, 5 lines long. 



Open hills: Yacaville to Berkeley; Leona Heights; Lake Merced; 

 and southward in the Coast Ranges. Middle of Mar.-Apr. In the 

 foothills of the Sacramento Valley frequently known as "Johnny 

 Jump-up." 



5. V. sarmentosa Dougl. Wood Violet. Stems prostrate, 

 stolon-like, sparsely leafy; peduncles commonly longer than the 

 leaves, at first scape-like and arising from the cluster crowning the 

 stipular-scaly rootstock; stipules brown-scarious, ovate-subulate; 

 leaves round-cordate, J to \\ in. broad, rather shorter than the 

 peduncles, deep green above, often rusty beneath, finely crenate, in 

 age brown-punctate; petioles of the cauline 1 or 2 in. long or less, 

 of the radical 2 to 7 in. long; petals uniform light yellow, 4 lines 

 long; spur very short and broad. 



Woods of the Coast Ranges, especially in the Redwood belt; multi- 

 plying vegetatively by filiform rootstocks. 



6. V. glabella Nutt. Stems erect, mostly weak, naked below or 

 nearly so, 7 to 12 in. high; rootstock horizontal, often branching; 

 herbage glabrous or puberulent, bright green; radical leaves reniform- 

 cordate, 1£ to 3| in. broad, on elongated (4 to 11 in.) petioles, the 

 cauline similar or cordate, on petioles 4 to 5 lines long; stipules small 

 and thin-membranaceous; peduncles about 1^ in. long; petals bright 

 yellow, more or less purple-veined, 6 lines long, the lateral ones 

 bearded; spur short and saccate; stigma beardless; capsule oblong, 4 

 lines long, abruptly beaked. 



Wet places in Coast Range woods: Monterey and northward. 

 Also Sierra Nevada. Mar.-May. 



