340 



UMBELLIFERJE. 



umbel; umbels borne in a panicle 1 to 1£ ft. long; flowers whitish, 1£ 

 lines long; calyx a mere rim, with 5 salient teeth; ovary red, becom- 

 ing in fruit a globular black berry 2£ lines in diameter; styles united 

 to the middle. 



Shaded canons and beds of mountain streams: Coast Eanges (except 

 the inner Coast Range) and Sierras. July. Fr. Oct. Leaflets often 

 oblique, petiolulate, the pair below the terminal leaflet short-petiolulate 

 or sessile; umbels with involucre of several linear bractlets. 



72. U M BELLI FER/E. Parsley Family. 



Herbs with commonly hollow stems and often dilated petioles. 

 Leav.es alternate or radical (opposite in Bowlesia and in some Eryn- 

 gium species), compound or often simple, usually much incised or 

 divided. Flowers in simple or commonly compound umbels. Umbels, 

 when compound, with the peduncle divided at summit into a number 

 of rays, each ray bearing a secondary umbel termed an umbellet. 

 Umbellets commonly subtended by bractlets (forming an involucel); 

 rays commonly subtended by bracts (forming an involucre). Calyx- 

 tube whollv adnate to the ovary; calyx-teeth small, sometimes 

 obsolete. Petals 5, usually with an inflexed tip. Stamens 5, inserted 

 on an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-celled. Styles 2, united 

 below and" forming a swollen or cushion-like base (stylopodium). 

 Fruit consistino- of two carpels united by their flat faces (commissure), 

 flattened laterallv (i. e., flattened sidewise or contrary to the commis- 

 sure), or flattened dorsally (i. e., each carpel flattened on the back or 

 parallel with the commissure), or not flattened at all. Each carpel with 

 5 ribs or ridges, one down the back (dorsal rib). 2 on the edge near the 

 commissure "(lateral ribs), and 2 between the dorsal and lateral ribs (in- 

 termediate ribs). Between the ribs are the spaces called intervals:— the 

 dorsal intervals are those next to the dorsal rib; the lateral intervals 

 are those next to the lateral ribs. Beneath the intervals (in the tissue 

 of the pericarp), as well as on the commissural side, are oil-tubes. 

 Carpels 1-seeded, splitting apart at maturity, each borne on a filiform 

 division of the receptacle (or carpophore) which is prolonged between 

 them. Embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous. The inflorescence is 

 frequentlv irregularly compound; in a few genera the fruit has no 

 ribs, and 'in others no oil-tubes. The number of oil-tubes in a given 

 species is, generally speaking, a reliable character but it should be 

 noted that there is here, also, more or less variation. The character 

 of the ribs and oil-tubes should be ascertained by examination of per- 

 fectly mature fruit. 



A. Fruit covered with prickles, tubercles, or scales, or the ribs bristly. 



Fruit bearing an elongated beak several times longer than the body; oil- 

 tubes none; annuals 5. Scandix. 



Fruit not produced into a beak. 

 Oil-tubes obscure; perennials. • . 

 Fruit covered with hvaline scales; flowers greenish white or bluish, in 



dense peduncled heads: prickly herbs 3. Eryngitjm. 



Fruit bur-like, covered with hooked prickles; flowers yellow, or purple 

 in one species, mostlv in head-like clusters 4. Sanicula. 



