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the Ground as you conveniently 

 can. And if under the good Soil 

 there is a fufficient Quantity of 

 Lime, Rubbilh, or Stones, laid, to 

 prevent the Roots of the Trees from 

 running downward, it will be of 

 great Service to the Trees. The 

 Borders for thefe mould not be lefs 

 than eight Feet broad ; but if they 

 are twelve, it will be ftill better. 

 And as thefe Borders may be plant- 

 ed with fuch Sorts of efculent Plants 

 as do not grow large, or whofe 

 Roots do not grow deep, or mat to- 

 gether on the Surface, thefe will do 

 no Harm to the Pear-trees ; for 

 thefe are not fo nice in their Culture 

 as Peach and Nectarine-trees j fo 

 the turning of the Ground, and 

 mending of it, for thefe Crops, will 

 rather improve, than injure the 

 Trees ; provided the Plants do not 

 lhade the Trees, or are not fuffer'd 

 to ftand too long upon the Borders. 

 But all the Cabbage-kind, as alfo 

 Beans, mould be excluded from thefe 

 Borders ; becaufe they root deep in 

 the Ground, and draw much Nou- 

 rilhment from the Trees. 



But if the Soil is mallow, and the 

 Bottom is either Gravel or Chalk, 

 there muft be a fufhcient Depth of 

 good Earth laid upon the Borders, 

 io as to make them two Feet and an 

 half deep ; for if the Ground is not 

 of this Depth, the Trees w;ll not 

 thrive well. And in doing of this, 

 I mult caution every Perfon not to 

 dig out the Gravel in a Trench (as 

 is by fome practised), and fill this 

 Trench with good -Earth ; for by fo 

 doing, when the Roots of the Trees 

 are extended to the Width of the 

 Trench, they will meet with the 

 Gravel, which will ftop them; fo 

 that they will be connVd, as if they 

 were in Tubs of Earth, whereby the 

 Trees will be foon fpoiled : therefore 

 when the Gravel or Chalk is re- 



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moved, it mould be intirely taken 

 away over the whole Garden : other- 

 wife it will be better to raife the 

 whole Border above it. 



If the Garden is to be new-made 

 from a Field, then all the good 

 Earth on the Surface mould be care- 

 fully preferved ; and if the good 

 Ground is taken out where the 

 Walks are defign'd to be made, and 

 laid upon the Borders, or in the 

 Quarters, it will add to the Depth 

 of the Soil, and fave Expence in 

 bringing in of new Earth. If the 

 Ground can be prepared one Year 

 before it is planted, the Trees will 

 thrive the better ; for by laying the 

 Ground in Ridges, and turning it 

 over two or three times, it will loofen 

 the Soil, and render it much better 

 for planting : but in trenching, or 

 plowing of the Ground, there mould 

 be great Care taken not to go deep- 

 er than the Ground is good ; other- 

 wife all the good Soil will be buried 

 below the Roots, and the bad Ground 

 will be turned on the Top; which h 

 what I have known done at a great 

 Expence, by Perfons who have been 

 at the Top of their Profeffion, and 

 have thereby intirely ruin'd the Gar- 

 dens. 



Where there is a Necefiity of 

 bringing in any frelh Earth for the 

 Borders, it will be proper to do it as 

 foon as polTible, and to mi* this with 

 the Surface earth of the Borders, 

 that it may be turned over two or 

 three time?, that the Parts may be 

 well mixed and incorporated, before 

 the Trees are planted ; and if fome 

 very rotten Dung is added to this, it 

 will greatly improve it. In chooling 

 of the Earth which is to be brought 

 into the Garden, there mould be 

 this Care ; *viz. that if the natural 

 Soil of the Garden is light and dry, 

 then tlve new Earth flioulu be loamy 

 and ftiff: but where the natural Soil 



4^ 4 is 



